中国农业统计数据1949－90[Excel格式]

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收藏 2007-05-28

AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 1949-90.

Databases available include:

China: Basic Social and Economic Indicators (order #90010)
China: Grain Statistics (order #90011)
China: Fiber and Oilseed Statistics (order #90012)
China: Economic and Other Crop Statistics (order #90013)
China: Livestock Statistics (order #90014)
China: Agricultural Input Statistics (order #90015)
China: Agricultural Price Statistics (order #90016)
China: Costs of Agricultural Production (order #90017)
China: Agricultural Trade Statistics (order #90019)
China: Consumption and Expenditure Statistics (order #90021)


Abstact

The entire database consists of 297 tables of agricultural
statistics for the People's Republic of China. The statistics
cover land use, population, labor force, gross value of
agricultural output, agricultural investment, crop production, crop
sown area, state procurement, livestock inventory and slaughter,
animal product output, input production and use, costs of
production, consumption of agricultural commodities, selected
retail price indices and mixed average procurement prices for
selected agricultural crops, and finally, quantity and value of
imports and exports of selected commodities. Data are presented
for the national level and the provincial level where available.

The title of every table available in the database is listed
below. The titles for the individual dataset that you have
purchased are indicated/separated by the Chapter heading.
Chapter 1 covers Basic Social and Economic Indicators;
Chapter 2 covers Grain Statistics; Chapter 3 covers Fiber and
Oilseed Statistics; Chapter 4 covers Economic and Other Crop
Statistics; Chapter 5 covers Livestock Statistics; Chapter 6
covers Agricultural Input Statistics; Chapter 7 covers
Agricultural Price Statistics; Chapter 8 covers Costs of
Agricultural Production; Chapter 9 covers Agricultural Trade
Statistics; and Chapter 10 covers Consumption and Expenditure
Statistics.

Table No.

Chapter 1: Basic Social and Economic Indicators

1. Population and labor force, China, 1969-90

2. Total and rural labor force, by sector, China, 1949-90

3. Total population, by region and province, China, 1982-90

4. Agricultural population, by region and province, China, 1982-90

5. Land area, by type, China, 1975-90

6. Cultivated area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

7. Total sown area (all crops), by region and province, China,
    1979-90

8. Sown area for grain crops, by region and province, China,
    1980-90

9. Sown area for economic crops, by region and province, China,
    1980-90

10. Sown area for other crops, by region and province, China,
    1980-90

11. Multiple crop index (MCI), by region and province, China,
    1979-90

12. National income, by sector, China, 1952-90

13. National gross value of output, by sector, China, 1952-90

14. Gross value of agricultural output (GVAO), in current prices,
    by region and province, China, selected years, 1980-90

15. Gross value of agricultural output (GVAO), in constant 1980
    prices, by region and province, China, 1980-90

16. Gross value of agricultural output (GVAO), in current prices,
    by region and province, China, 1952-63

17. Gross value of agricultural output (GVAO) in current prices, by
    region and province, China, 1964-74

18. Gross value of agricultural output (GVAO) in current prices, by
    region and province, China, 1975-85

19. Gross rural industrial output value, by region and province,
    China, selected years, 1980-90

20. National agricultural capital construction investment, China,
    1953-90

21. National agricultural capital construction investment use,
    China, 1985-90

22. State budgetary expenditures on agriculture, China, 1950-88

23. Total agricultural capital construction investment, by region
    and province, China, 1981-90

24. National bank credit receipts and payments, yearend outstanding
    balance, China, 1982-90

25. Rural Credit Cooperative deposits and loans, yearend
    outstanding balance, China, 1953-90

25a. Yuan per U.S. dollar exchange rates, selected annual and
     quarterly rates, 1960-90


Chapter 2: Grain Statistics

26. Grain area, China, 1949-90

27. Grain production, China, 1949-90

28. Total grain, rice and wheat area, by individual harvest, China,
    1949-90

29. Total grain, rice and wheat production, by individual harvest,
    China, 1949-90

30. Coarse grain area and production, China, 1952-90

31. Grain procurement, China, 1952-89

32. Total grain procurement and sales, China, 1960-90

33. Quarterly commercial grain procurement and sales, China,
    1981-89

34. Wheat production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

35. Wheat area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

36. Winter wheat production, by region and province, China,
    selected years, 1979-90

37. Winter wheat area, by region and province, China, selected
    years, 1979-90

38. Spring wheat production, by region and province, China,
    selected years, 1979-90

39. Spring wheat area, by region and province, China, selected
    years, 1979-90

40. Rice production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

41. Rice area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

42. Early rice production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

43. Early rice area, by region and province, China, selected years,
    1979-90

44. Intermediate and single crop late rice production, by region
    and province, China, selected years, 1979-90

45. Intermediate and single crop late rice area, by region and
    province, China, selected years, 1979-90

46. Double crop late rice production, by region and province,
    China, selected years, 1979-90

47. Double crop late rice area, by region and province, China,
    selected years, 1979-90

48. Northern rice production, by region and province, China,
    selected years, 1979-90

49. Northern rice area, by region and province, China, selected
    years, 1979-90

50. Corn production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

51. Corn area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

52. Soybean production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

53. Soybean area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

54. Sorghum production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

55. Sorghum area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

56. Millet production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

57. Millet area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

58. Tuber production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

59. Tuber area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

60. Total grain production, by region and province, China, 1963-72

61. Total grain production, by region and province, China, 1973-82

62. Total grain production, by region and province, China, 1983-90

63. Total grain area, by region and province, China, 1963-72

64. Total grain area, by region and province, China, 1973-82

65. Total grain area, by region and province, China, 1983-90

66. Commercial grain procurement, by region and province, China,
    selected years, 1980-90

67. Fixed and negotiated price state grain procurement, by region
    and province, China, 1987

68. Fixed and negotiated price state grain procurement, by region
    and province, China, 1989

69. Fixed and negotiated price state grain sales, by region and
    province, China, 1987

70. Fixed and negotiated price state grain sales, by region and
    province, China, 1989


Chapter 3: Fiber and Oilseed Statistics

71. Fiber crop area, China, 1949-90

72. Fiber crop production, China, 1949-90

73. Cotton production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

74. Cotton area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

75. Indian hemp production, by region and province, China, selected
    years, 1979-90

76. Indian hemp area, by region and province, China, selected
    years, 1979-90

77. Jute and ambary hemp (kenaf) production, by region and
    province, China, 1979-90

78. Jute and ambary hemp (kenaf) area, by region and province,
    China, 1979-90

79. Sheep wool production, by region and province, China, 1982-90

80. Yarn, chemical fiber and silk production, China, 1949-90

81. Cloth, fabric and textile goods production, China, 1949-90

82. Edible and industrial oilseed production, China, 1949-90

83. Edible oilseed area, China, 1949-90

84. Sesameseed production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

85. Sesameseed area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

86. Rapeseed production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

87. Rapeseed area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

88. Sunflowerseed production, by region and province, China,
    1979-90

89. Sunflowerseed area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

90. Peanut production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

91. Peanut area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

92. Total edible vegetable oil production, by region and province,
    China, 1985-90

93. Town and township enterprise edible vegetable oil production,
    by region and province, China, selected years, 1980-90

94. State procurement of edible vegetable oil and natural fibers,
    China, 1952-90


Chapter 4: Economic and Other Crop Statistics

95. Sugar, sugarcane and sugarbeet output and state procurement,
     China, 1949-90

96. Tea and tobacco production and state procurement, China,
     1949-90

97. Fruit production, China, 1949-90

98. Selected economic and other crop area, China, 1949-90

99. Flue-cured tobacco production, by region and province, China,
     1979-90

100. Flue-cured tobacco area, by region and province, China,
     1979-90

101. Other tobacco production, by region and province, China,
     1979-90

102. Other tobacco area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

103. Sugarbeet production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

104. Sugarbeet area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

105. Sugarcane production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

106. Sugarcane area, by region and province, China, 1979-90

107. Forage area, by region and province, China, selected years,
     1979-90

108. Green manure area, by region and province, China, selected
     years, 1979-90

109. Vegetable area, by region and province, China, selected years,
     1979-90

110. Apple production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

111. Apple area, by region and province, China, selected years,
     1979-90

112. Banana production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

113. Banana area, by region and province, China, selected years,
     1979-90

114. Citrus production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

115. Citrus area, by region and province, China, selected years,
     1979-90

116. Pear production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

117. Pear area, by region and province, China, selected years,
     1979-90

118. Grape production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

119. Grape area, by region and province, China, selected years,
     1979-90

120. Persimmon production, by region and province, China, selected
     years, 1979-90


Chapter 5: Livestock Statistics

121. Hog, sheep and goat yearend inventory, slaughter and carcass
     weight, China, 1949-90

122. Cattle yearend inventory, calves born, slaughter and carcass
     weight, China, 1949-90

123. Large animal yearend inventory, China, 1949-90

124. Livestock food product output, China, 1949-90

125. State procurement of live animals and livestock products,
     China, 1952-90

126. Beef production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

127. Pork production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

128. Mutton production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

129. Cow milk production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

130. Goat milk production, by region and province, China, 1979-90

131. Egg production, by region and province, China, 1982-90

132. Honey production, by region and province, China, 1980-90

133. Poultry meat production, by region and province, China,
     1984-90

134. Rabbit meat production, by region and province, China, 1984-90

135. Hog yearend inventory, by region and province, China, 1979-90

136. Sow yearend inventory, by region and province, China, 1979-90

137. Hog slaughter, by region and province, China, 1979-90

138. Hog slaughter rate, by province, China, 1979-90

139. Yellow cattle yearend inventory, by region and province,
     China, 1979-90

140. Water buffalo yearend inventory, by region and province,
     China, 1979-90

141. Dairy cattle yearend inventory, by region and province, China,
     1979-90

142. Cattle slaughter, by region and province, China, 1979-90

143. Sheep yearend inventory, by region and province, China,
     1979-90

144. Goat yearend inventory, by region and province China, 1979-90

145. Sheep and goat slaughter, by region and province, China,
     1979-90

146. Horse yearend inventory, by region and province, China,
     1979-90

147. Camel yearend inventory, by region and province, China,
     1979-90

148. Mule yearend inventory, by region and province, China, 1979-90

149. Donkey yearend inventory, by region and province, China,
     1979-90


Chapter 6: Agricultural Input Statistics

150. Irrigated area and energy output, China, 1949-90

151. Irrigated area, by region and province, China, 1980-90

152. Number of farm machines, China, 1949-90

153. Farm machinery horsepower, by region and province, China,
     1980-90

154. Mechanically tilled area, by region and province, China,
     1980-90

155. Mechanically sown area, by region and province, China, 1980-90

156. Mechanically harvested area, by region and province, China,
     1980-90

157. Draft animal yearend inventory, by region and province, China,
     1979-90

158. Labor force in rural areas and townships, China, selected
     years, 1979-90

159. Chemical fertilizer production, China, 1949-90

160. Chemical fertilizer application, China, 1951-90

161. Total chemical fertilizer application, by region and province,
     China, 1980-90

162. Nitrogen fertilizer application, by region and province,
     China, 1980-90

163. Phosphorous fertilizer application, by region and province,
     China, 1980-90

164. Potassium fertilizer application, by region and province,
     China, 1980-90

165. Compound fertilizer application, by region and province,
     China, 1980-90

166. Cultivated area suffering serious damage from natural
     disaster, by region and province, China, 1983-90

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Chapter 7: Cost of Production Statistics

167. Corn costs of production, by province, China, 1984

168. Corn costs of production, by province, China, 1986

169. Corn costs of production, by province, China, 1987

170. Corn costs of production, by province, China, 1988

171. Corn costs of production, by province, China, 1989

172. Corn costs of production, by province, China, 1990

173. Cotton costs of production, by province, China, 1984

174. Cotton costs of production, by province, China, 1986

175. Cotton costs of production, by province, China, 1987

176. Cotton costs of production, by province, China, 1988

177. Cotton costs of production, by province, China, 1989

178. Cotton costs of production, by province, China, 1990

179. Peanut costs of production, by province, China, 1984

180. Peanut costs of production, by province, China, 1986

181. Peanut costs of production, by province, China, 1987

182. Peanut costs of production, by province, China, 1988

183. Peanut costs of production, by province, China, 1989

184. Peanut costs of production, by province, China, 1990

185. Rice costs of production, by province, China, 1984

186. Rice costs of production, by province, China, 1986

187. Rice costs of production, by province, China, 1987

188. Rice costs of production, by province, China, 1988

189. Rice costs of production, by province, China, 1989

190. Rice costs of production, by province, China, 1990

191. Rapeseed costs of production, by province, China, 1984

192. Rapeseed costs of production, by province, China, 1986

193. Rapeseed costs of production, by province, China, 1987

194. Rapeseed costs of production, by province, China, 1988

195. Rapeseed costs of production, by province, China, 1989

196. Rapeseed costs of production, by province, China, 1990

197. Soybean costs of production, by province, China, 1984

198. Soybean costs of production, by province, China, 1986

199. Soybean costs of production, by province, China, 1987

200. Soybean costs of production, by province, China, 1988

201. Soybean costs of production, by province, China, 1989

202. Soybean costs of production, by province, China, 1990

203. Wheat costs of production, by province, China, 1984

204. Wheat costs of production, by province, China, 1986

205. Wheat costs of production, by province, China, 1987

206. Wheat costs of production, by province, China, 1988

207. Wheat costs of production, by province, China, 1989

208. Wheat costs of production, by province, China, 1990


Chapter 8: Consumption and Expenditure Statistics

209. Per capita expenditure average for all residents, China,
     1952-90

210. Peasant household per capita expenditures, China, selected
     years, 1957-90

211. Urban household per capita expenditures, China, selected years
     1957-90

212. Peasant household per capita consumption of selected goods,
     China, 1978-90

213. Urban household per capita purchase of selected goods, China,
     selected years, 1957-90

214. Peasant household per capita net income, by province, China,
     selected years, 1978-90

215. Value of peasant household per capita commodities purchased at
     markets and provided from own sources, China, 1980-90

216. Urban and rural grain consumption, total volume and per
     capita, China, 1952-90

217. Urban and rural edible oil consumption, total volume and per
     capita, China, 1952-90

218. Urban and rural pork consumption, total volume and per capita,
     China, 1952-90

219. Urban and rural sugar consumption, total volume and per
     capita, China, 1952-90

220. Average consumption expenditures of all residents,
     agricultural residents and non-agricultural residents, by
     province, China, 1984-89

221. Peasant per capita grain consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

222. Peasant per capita fine grain consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

223. Peasant per capita edible oil consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

224. Peasant per capita cotton cloth consumption, by province,
     China, selected years, 1980-90

225. Peasant per capita red meat consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

226. Peasant per capita poultry consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

227. Peasant per capita egg consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

228. Peasant per capita seafood consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

229. Peasant per capita sugar consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

230. Peasant per capita vegetable consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

231. Peasant per capita tea consumption, by province, China,
     1982-90

232. Peasant per capita alcohol consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90

233. Peasant per capita cigarette consumption, by province, China,
     1982-90

234. Peasant per capita woolen fabric consumption, by province,
     China, selected years, 1980-90

235. Peasant per capita silk and satin consumption, by province,
     China, selected years, 1980-90

236. Peasant per capita chemical fiber cloth consumption, by
     province, China, selected years, 1980-90

237. Peasant per capita knitted goods consumption, by province,
     China, selected years, 1980-90

238. Peasant per capita shoe consumption, by province, China,
     selected years, 1980-90


Chapter 9: Agricultural Price Statistics

239. National, urban and rural average open market price index, by
     commodity, China, 1982-90

240. National retail list price index, China, 1951-90

241. Rural retail list price index, China, 1951-90

242. Urban retail list price index, China, 1951-90

243. Mixed average retail prices of major commodities, China,
     1952-90

244. Other mixed average retail prices of major commodities, China,
     1952-90

245. Mixed average state crop procurement prices, China, 1952-90

246. Other mixed average state crop procurement prices, China,
     1952-90

247. Mixed average state livestock procurement prices, China,
     1952-90

248. Mixed average state livestock product procurement prices,
     China, 1952-90

249. State procurement prices for standard grade cotton, China,
     1983-90

250. Wheat procurement prices and grades, by province, China,
     1986-90

251. Rice (xiandao variety) procurement prices and grades, by
     province, China, 1986-89

252. Rice (jingdao variety) procurement prices and grades, by
     province, China, 1986-90

253. Corn procurement prices and grades, by province, China,
     1986-90

254. Millet procurement prices and grades, by province, China,
     1986-90

255. Sorghum procurement prices and grades, by province, China,
     1986-90

256. Soybean procurement prices and grades, by province, China,
     1986-90

257. Peanut procurement prices and grades, by province, China,
     1986-90

258. Rapeseed procurement prices and grades, by province, China,
     1986-90

259. Sesameseed procurement prices and grades, by province, China,
     1986-90

260. Cottonseed procurement prices and grades, by province, China,
     1986-89


Chapter 10: Agricultural Trade Statistics

261. Grain exports, MOFERT statistics, China, 1950-89

262. Oilseed, oil and nut exports, MOFERT statistics, China,
     1950-89

263. Animal and animal product exports, MOFERT statistics, China,
     1950-89

264. Fruit and vegetable exports, MOFERT statistics, China, 1950-89

265. Textile exports, MOFERT statistics, China, 1950-89

266. Other agricultural product exports, MOFERT statistics, China,
     1950-89

267. Crop and agricultural product imports, MOFERT statistics,
     China, 1950-89

268. Input and other product imports, MOFERT statistics, China,
     1950-89

269. Major agricultural exports, value, China, by quarter, 1983

270. Major agricultural exports, value, China, by quarter, 1984

271. Major agricultural exports, value, China, by quarter, 1985

272. Major agricultural exports, value, China, by quarter, 1986

273. Major agricultural exports, value, China, by quarter, 1987

274. Major agricultural exports, value, China, by quarter, 1988

275. Major agricultural exports, value, China, by quarter, 1989

276. Major agricultural exports, value, China, by quarter, 1990

277. Major agricultural imports, value, China, by quarter, 1983-84

278. Major agricultural imports, value, China, by quarter, 1985-86

279. Major agricultural imports, China, value, by quarter, 1987

280. Major agricultural imports, China, value, by quarter, 1988

281. Major agricultural imports, value, China, by quarter, 1989

282. Major agricultural imports, value, China, by quarter, 1990

283. Major agricultural exports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1983

284. Major agricultural exports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1984

285. Major agricultural exports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1985

286. Major agricultural exports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1986

287. Major agricultural exports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1987

288. Major agricultural exports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1988

289. Major agricultural exports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1989

290. Major agricultural exports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1990

291. Major agricultural imports, quantity, China, by quarter,
     1983-84

292. Major agricultural imports, quantity, China, by quarter,
     1985-86

293. Major agricultural imports, quantity, China, by quarter,
     1987-88

294. Major agricultural imports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1989

295. Major agricultural imports, quantity, China, by quarter, 1990

296. Consumer price index and state employee cost of living index,
     China, 1950-90

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Introduction

This statistical bulletin updates and expands the coverage of an
earlier publication -- Agricultural Statistics of the People's
Republic of China, 1949-86. The report compiles much of the
important agricultural data that China's State Statistical Bureau
(SSB) reported for 1949-90. It forms a current agricultural data
base for China using statistics from a wide variety of official,
primarily Chinese language, sources from the People's Republic of
China (PRC). Because this report is restricted to official Chinese
data, it is not necessarily consistent with data used by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA). While USDA has used official
data from China for more recent years, not all of USDA's historical
series have been revised to reflect the newly released historical
statistical series, particularly when the historical data provided
by China are incomplete.

This bulletin provides a relatively complete national historical
series for 1949-90, along with a provincial series for 1979-90, for
China's area and production of most major crops. Other
agricultural data available from official sources have also been
covered in this report, including national and provincial livestock
production, selected national series on production and use of major
inputs, national and provincial land use and population data,
national and provincial procurement prices, national and provincial
consumption statistics, and major agricultural imports and exports
by commodity. However, other important agricultural data, such as
commodity by country trade statistics, detailed national and
provincial income data and national and provincial level commodity
prices are either not yet available or are beyond the scope of this
report.

During the 1950's, the Government of the People's Republic of China
published a great deal of statistical data. The economic disasters
of the late 1950's and the political and social turmoil during the
Cultural Revolution (1966-76), however, led to a 20-year period
during which no official statistical data were released. Following
the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 and the emergence of economic
growth as an important priority of the leadership, China began
rebuilding its statistical system. For a brief overview of China's
rural statistical system, see Planning and Statistical Systems in
China's Agriculture referenced in the Suggested Readings section of
this report. That publication also contains a timetable listing
dates when various statistical reports are scheduled to be
published and includes translations of 12 annual statistical and 3
periodic report forms.

In June 1979, the SSB released a state plan fulfillment communique
describing the successes and failures of the state economic plan,
the first in 20 years, and in August 1980, the first official
statistical yearbook was published. Since then, a wide range of
agricultural, economic, statistical, encyclopedic yearbooks, and
other official statistical books, pamphlets and economic plan
communiques have been published annually (see Suggested Readings
and References sections).

Although China has revised some of its earlier figures (primarily
on grain production) since data publication resumed in 1979, most
of the data remains unchanged from yearbook to yearbook. This
suggests that the SSB has carefully scrutinized these statistics
and considers them to be the best they can currently produce.

China initially published many of the series included in this
report for only a few key years. Each subsequent yearbook has
added data not available in earlier years; so gaps in some series
have already been filled. China probably will eventually publish
more of the important data needed to analyze production,
consumption and trade in the agricultural sector.

A wide variety of data are collected by SSB enumerators every year.
The SSB directs the surveys, prints the survey forms, and trains
the survey personnel. The surveys are used to collect data on
rural population, labor force conditions, crop production,
livestock output, household income and expenditure and commodity
prices. Readers interested in the specific survey methodologies
employed by the statistical agencies should see Tuan, Francis C.,
and Frederick W. Crook. Planning and Statistical Systems in
China's Agriculture. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic
Research Service, Foreign Agricultural Economic Report No. 181,
April, 1983.

Area and yield estimates are compiled at local levels (county and
prefecture) to arrive at provincial and then national production
totals. However, it should be noted that not all agricultural
commodities are reported by the SSB, for instance spring or winter
wheat; early, intermediate, late or northern rice; and sesameseed
or sunflowerseed. If data are not available from the SSB, it is
taken from the annual China Agriculture Yearbook published by the
Ministry of Agriculture (MOA). These data correspond relatively
closely to SSB data where there are overlaps, so the data from MOA
are accepted as a secondary source of official data. However, MOA
production and area data are collected by their own statistical
system. Therefore, there are occasions where there are more
significant differences between SSB and MOA data.

Another source of crop and livestock data is the Ministry of
Commerce (MOC). The MOC publishes the China Commerce Yearbook, the
only source for many of the procurement statistics presented in
this bulletin. The MOC is also the only source for the provincial
level grain procurement and sales data broken down by fixed and
negotiated price. And finally, the MOC is a source for data on the
total national, urban and rural consumption volume of certain
agricultural commodities. The reader should note that when this
consumption data is divided by the appropriate population, the
resulting per capita consumption figures do not correspond exactly
with the official consumption data published by the SSB. As with
the MOA, the MOC has its own internal statistical system to collect
and process the data published in its yearbook.

Cost of production data published here comes from MOA's China
Agriculture Yearbook. Readers should use this data with caution.
The sample sizes are extremely small and it is unknown whether or
not the sample selection was random. For example, the 1987 rice
costs of production surveyed only 426 hectares of 32.2 million of
total rice sown area. Just as with any other costs of production
survey, the accuracy of this survey depends on how representative
the sample is and how clearly and consistently definitions, such as
standard labor days, are applied. Furthermore, the meaning and
consistency of definitions, both within and between crops, is also
unknown. One publication, Nongchanpin Chengben yu Jiage Lunwen Ji
(A Collection of Treatises on Agricultural Product Costs of
Production and Prices), referenced in the Suggested Readings
section below, offers some clues to the cost of production data.
However, the collection was published in 1983, prior to the
dissolution of the commune system and the introduction of the
household responsibility system (HPRS). As such, it is unclear how
the survey methodology and data manipulation may have changed to
accommodate the HPRS. In addition, the publication describes the
State Statistical Bureau's pre-1983 cost of production data, while
the data published in this bulletin come from post-1983 Ministry of
Agriculture data. Readers interested in learning more about the
problems found in the cost of production data should contact Shwu-
Eng Webb, China Section, ERS at (202) 219-0621.

Peasant consumption and expenditure data included in the bulletin
come primarily from household consumption, income and expenditure
surveys conducted by the SSB. For these surveys, the number of
households surveyed have increased rapidly through time. The
Ministry of Commerce also reports rural consumption data, but it is
unclear where the statistics come from. The reader should note
that there are discrepancies between SSB per capita consumption
data and MOC data.

Urban resident consumption and expenditure data are reportedly
calculated from MOC data (MOC controls the urban state and
collective retail store networks) and from SSB surveys of family
budget surveys of workers and employees. The surveys originated in
the early 1950's by administrative units and industries. The
quality of survey data improved in 1956-57, when a nationwide
unified survey system was organized. Families selected in the
sample included workers in enterprises owned or managed by the
state, and engineers, technicians, teachers, and administrative
personnel of government and public organizations. Statistical
workers and administrative officials in the various provinces and
cities used different sampling techniques. Some used proportional
stratified sampling with systematic sampling inside strata. Others
used systematic sampling but constructed the sample on the basis of
composition of the labor force, degree of wage differentials and
the scale of production within the administrative unit. Others
used a model selection process.

And finally, there are two official sources for trade statistics in
China: China's Customs Administration (Customs) and the Ministry
of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade (MOFERT). Data in the
historical series are those from China's Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade (MOFERT). Exports are on a free on
board (f.o.b.) basis while imports are on a cost, insurance and
freight (c.i.f.) basis. MOFERT data include all types of trade
under the Ministry's jurisdiction, whether or not entering China's
ports. The value added to goods imported, processed, and
re-exported, such as labor costs and processing fees, is also
included. But, MOFERT data exclude local trade not under its
jurisdiction, trade of some joint ventures and all individual
dealings. MOFERT statistics also include aid commitments not yet
delivered to China.

Statistics from Customs only became available in 1981. These
statistics differ from those of MOFERT because their coverage in
some cases is more inclusive. Statistics from the Customs
Administration include all trade via China's ports and
customs-cleared aid donations. They also cover a broader range of
imports and exports, including trade of local and provincial
enterprises not reporting to MOFERT, all joint enterprises, and
trade by individuals and firms. However, the full value of
transshipments, principally through Hong Kong, are considered
either as originating in or bound for the city. This helps to
explain some of the large discrepancy that exists between official
U.S. and Customs trade statistics. U.S. statistics record imports
and exports according to the country of origin and final
destination of goods.

Over the course of the 1980's, Customs reported agricultural
commodity statistics have gradually grown larger than those
reported by MOFERT. MOFERT statistics have captured less and less
of the trade as China has relaxed its centrally-controlled trade
system and independent trading companies have taken over an
increased volume of trade.


Selected Definitions

Throughout all tables, "na" indicates that data are not available.
Also, "--" indicates a number that is negligible (between 0 and
0.5), but is only used when found in the original source. Numbers
listed in the original source that are so small that they show as
zero, given the assigned units, are left as zero. Therefore, zeros
designate data that are available, but the value of which is zero
or a negligible amount (less than 0.5). However, there are
instances where China's publications leave a cell empty rather than
using a zero to report no production and we are almost certain that
the figure should in fact be a zero. Nevertheless, we have
generally chosen to follow China's reporting since we have not
always been able to definitively determine that any particular
entry should in fact have been a zero rather than "na." With all
tables, unless otherwise stated, tons refer to metric tons and
years are calendar years and include production of crops harvested
within that year.

Most provincial level tables include a footnote indicating Hainan
data are not available until 1988 and data for earler years are
included in the Guangdong province figure. Up until 1988, Hainan
was only an administrative region (prefecture) within Guangdong.
However, in 1988 Hainan Island was accorded provincial status,
making it necessary to add Hainan to the list of provinces. In a
few tables included in this bulletin data are provided for Hainan
province beginning prior to 1988. The numbers, taken from the
Hainan Tongji Nianjian (Hainan Statistical Yearbook), were then
subtracted from the Guangdong province number to balance out the
total. Hainan numbers were not added to the majority of tables
because of inconsistencies between the reported Hainan province
data and the prefecture level data reported for Hainan in various
Guangdong yearbooks (Guangdongsheng Tongji Nianjian). Full
historical series for Hainan province, therefore, await additional
data releases from the State Statistical Bureau.

Numbers in parentheses below each table refer to items listed in
the References section of this report. Although efforts were made
to give complete source listings for each table, occasionally space
limitations prevented the listing of all sources when data in a
given table came from a wide variety of different sources. If
necessary, information on specific data points can be obtained from
China Section staff by calling (202) 219-0626.

USDA's regional categorization in the provincial tables differs
from the regional groupings currently used in China's statistical
publications. All regional totals, therefore, are sums of
provincial data, not published PRC statistics. Also, the sum of
total provincial data in some cases does not equal the national
total of the SSB. This is generally because the national totals
used are the latest revisions, and revised provincial details for
the new SSB totals are not available. Finally, as far as is known,
provincial data have been affected by, though not adjusted for, the
July l, l979, changes in provincial boundaries. Inner Mongolia (Nei
Monggol) was substantially enlarged at the expense of Heilongjiang,
Jilin and Liaoning.

Some kinds of data, however, such as provincial per capita
consumption of specific goods or crop cost of production, cannot be
simply summed to obtain a regional total because each province has
a different population base or sample size. In these cases,
provinces have been arranged in their normal regions and national
totals have been included, but the separate parts have not been
summed to obtain a regional total.

The definitions listed below are an adjunct to the footnotes below
the tables themselves. These definitions are valid unless
otherwise indicated by a specific note attached to a table. It was
not possible to get complete definitions for all terms used in the
tables. China's statistical publications are notorious for the
paucity of descriptive information for their statistics.
Nevertheless, an attempt was made to provide some guidance to the
meanings of terms by collecting information and definitions from a
wide variety of published and unpublished sources, as well as
information gleaned from interviews with officials and researchers
in China. Many of the definitions included here are, at least in
part, from either a detailed 1979 handbook defining state farm
statistics or a more general 1980 handbook defining basic
agricultural statistics. We limited the use of state farm
definitions to agronomic definitions of crops because these are the
most likely to be the same across the various statistical systems
(SSB, MOA, state farm, etc.).

Aquatic Products -- Aquatic products includes both fresh water and
salt water fish and products, both naturally cured and artificially
cultured, including sea fish, seaweed, shellfish, mollusk and
crustacea. Water plants, such as water chestnuts and lotus roots,
are excluded.

Area -- Crop area statistics are reported on the basis of sown
area, not harvested area. Sown area is land on which crops are
planted and from which a harvest is expected. Since land is
frequently sown two or more times a year, sown area is
substantially larger than cultivated area (see Multiple Cropping
Index). Area of crops destroyed prior to the scheduled reporting
date is excluded, but area suffering disasters after the scheduled
reporting date is included. Seedbed area is not included unless it
is planted with another crop after its seedlings have been
transplanted. Area of crops cultivated along roadsides is
excluded, but area intercropped in orchards is included. Area of
perennial crops is included in the year the crop yields a harvest,
regardless of when it was actually planted. Crops regrown from the
previous season's stubble are not counted again in the second
year's sown area.

Readers should be aware that many of China's agriculture officials
and scholars believe that China underreports grain area.
Interviews with officials in China have found a general consensus
that cultivated area is underreported by around 30 percent. See
China Agriculture and Trade Report, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Economic Research Service, July 1991, p. 18, for a brief report on
the history and implications of grain area underreporting in China.

Bast Fiber -- Bast fibers include jute, ramie, flax, Indian hemp
(da ma) and an other bast fiber plant category. The other category
includes sisal (jian ma) and an unknown number of other minor bast
fiber crops. Indian hemp is treated separately from ambary hemp
(kenaf).

Cattle -- Cattle statistics include yellow cattle (see definition),
water buffalo, yaks (maoniu) and dairy cattle (both local and hybrid
breeds).

Chemical Fiber -- Chemical fibers includes two types of fibers:
synthetic fibers (hecheng xianwei) and viscose fibers (nianjiao
xianwei).

Cigarettes -- Two common units of measurement for cigarettes are
cases and boxes (packs). One case contains 250 cartons, and each
carton contains 10 boxes of 20 cigarettes each.

Citrus Fruit -- Citrus fruit production and area statistics cover
all varieties of citrus (orange, tangerine, grapefruit, etc.).

Cloth -- Cloth output, measured in linear meters, includes the
total of pure cotton cloth, cotton blends, and pure synthetic
fabrics. Output figures in square meters available for 1978-83
indicate that the average width rose from 0.933 meters in 1979 to
0.989 meters in 1983.

Corn -- Corn output is reported on a dry kernel (shelled or off the
cob) basis. It is considered to be on a dry weight basis when
water content is between 14 and 18 percent depending on the
province.

Cost of Production -- China began publishing production cost data
for major agricultural crops in 1986 (beginning with cost data for
1984). The data should be used with caution. The sample size is
extremely small and it is unknown whether or not the sample
selection was random. The meaning and consistency of definitions,
both within and between crops, is also unknown.

Cotton -- All cotton statistics are on a lint (deseeded) basis.
Also, all cotton data excludes tree cotton (mumian).

Crop Classification -- China's crop classification separates crop
area and production into three broad categories: grain crops,
economic crops, and other crops. Economic crops (jingji zuowu)
include most nongrain crops: cotton, jute, hemp, other fiber
crops, oilseeds, sugarcane, sugarbeets, tobacco, medicinal crops
and a miscellaneous category. Other crops includes vegetables,
melons, fodder crops and green manure.

Cultivated Land -- Statistics on cultivated land refer only to
permanent cropland and include land left fallow for less than 3
years.

Disaster -- China tabulates the amount of cultivated area seriously
affected (chengzai) by natural disaster. Disaster includes flood,
drought, frost, freeze, wind and hail damage. Serious damage is
defined as normal yields reduced by 30 percent or more. Another
category, slightly affected (shouzai) area, tallies area with yield
loss of 29 percent or less.

Draft Animals -- Draft animals are defined as animals used for
field preparation and/or hauling. This includes yellow cattle,
water buffalo, horses, mules, donkeys and camels. It excludes
draft animals that are too old to work or that are not actually
used for draft work.

Edible Oil -- Edible oil production data is defined as edible
vegetable oil (shiyong zhiwu you), differing substantially from other
statistics given as the oil equivalent of total oilseed production
or from per capita edible oil consumption data which includes both
edible plant and animal oils. The edible oils from soybeans, rice
bran, and corn, which would be excluded from the PRC definition of
total oilseeds, are all included in edible vegetable (plant) oil
figures. Part of cottonseed oil is also included. Edible animal
oils would include lard and some other minor oils. See Zhongguo
Nongye Nianjian, 1983 (China Agriculture Yearbook, 1983), p. 147
for a comparison, by province, of the two different components of
edible oil (vegetable and animal).

Eggs -- Egg (fresh) output and consumption statistics in China
include both chicken and duck eggs. Other minor eggs may also be
included (goose, pigeon, quail, etc.).

Farm Machinery Power -- Total farm machinery power includes the
total mechanical power of machinery used in farming, forestry,
animal husbandry, fishery and such farm sideline occupations as
plowing, irrigating, draining, harvesting, farm product processing,
agricultural transport, plant protection and stock breeding. It
excludes machinery used in township (commune-run) industry,
construction, nonagricultural transport, scientific experimentation
and teaching. Prior to 1986, internal combustion engines were
counted according to horsepower and electric motors were counted by
converting from kilowatt to horsepower (one horsepower equals 735
watts). Pre-1986 data was converted to a kilowatt basis to make
the data consistent.

Fertilizer -- Fertilizer statistics in China are measured in three
different production units: actual, standard and effective weight.
Actual weight is the gross weight of the product. Standard weight
is weight converted into weight of standard fertilizers: ammonium
sulfate (20 percent nitrogen), super phosphate (18.7 percent P205),
and potassium sulfate (40 percent K2O). Effective weight measures
the actual nutrient content. Standard fertilizer weights are not
available after the early 1980's. Note that fertilizer application
data prior to 1966 are not available and fertilizer sales volume
has been used as a proxy.

Fertilizer Use -- Fertilizer use is measured per unit of cultivated
rather than sown area.

Forage Area -- Forage crop area in China likely includes area sown
to fodder crops or sown and then used to graze livestock. Also,
forage area may include lake, pond or canal area used to grow water
plants (water hyacinth, etc.) for fodder. Forage crop area
includes alfalfa, elephant grass (xiangcao), etc. It excludes area
used to grow grain to feed livestock (it is included in grain area
statistics), although it includes grain area that is harvested for
green silage use (green corn stems, etc.).

Forestry -- Forestry comprises the planting of various kinds of
trees (tea plantations, mulberry fields and orchards excluded),
collection of forestry products and cutting or felling of bamboo
and trees.

Fruit -- Fruit statistics do not include area or output from wild
orchards or trees, or any fruit-type melons (watermelon, honeydew
melon, cantaloupe, muskmelon, etc.). Instead, all melons are
included in either the melon category (fruit-type melons) or in the
vegetable category (vegetable-type melons).

Goat Milk -- Goat milk output numbers are currently not available.
The numbers presented are calculated as a residual -- total milk
minus cow milk.

Grain -- Production figures for grain represent rough (unprocessed)
weight. Potatoes are converted to grain equivalents on a 5:1
basis. Figures on total grain and potato production prior to 1964
have been adjusted to a consistent 5:1 dry weight grain basis.
Official data for those years converted potatoes at a 4:1 rate.
Beans are added based on weight after removal from pods and drying.
The major grains (rice, wheat, corn, sorghum and millet) are
calculated on a dry, rough (unprocessed, unmilled, or unhusked)
weight basis. Corn output is calculated on a shelled (off the cob)
basis. The definition for Total Grain Production lists the
individual grains included. Grain consumption and trade data are
reported on a trade weight basis.

Green Manure -- In China, green manure crop area statistics can
include Chinese milk vetch (ziyunying), safflower grass (honghuacao),
Chinese trumpet creeper (tiaozi), fragrant thoroughwort (lanhuacao),
wild soybean (shanmaodou), and other miscellaneous plants used for
green manure. Legume and rapeseed area for crops planted
specifically for use as green manure are also included. If the
crop was originally intended to be harvested, but the crop fails
and the farmer decides to use it as green manure, then it continues
to be counted under bean and rapeseed area.

Gross Value of Agricultural Output (GVAO) -- GVAO data for China
are very difficult to use. There are a wide variety of
definitions, depending on the source of the data, for what
activities are and are not included in the statistics. Also, data
available for 1984-85 shows that the statistics do not consistently
differentiate between current prices and constant 1980 prices. A
close comparison of current price GVAO and constant 1980 price GVAO
data finds some provinces reporting identical numbers. Readers
should see the specific footnotes below the GVAO tables for more
information.

Huma -- In China, huma is used to produce an edible oil, huma you,
almost indistinguishable from sesame oil (zhima you). Huma oil is
the primary edible oil in China's northwestern provinces, which
grow few other oilseeds for edible oil.

Investment -- Investment in agriculture is generally broken down
into two categories: state budgetary expenditures on agriculture
and agricultural capital construction investment (which covers
construction, expansion, transformation and restoration projects,
as well as purchases and installation of equipment). State
budgetary investment primarily involves capital construction, rural
production support and working capital. National agricultural
capital construction investment, broken down by sector (crops,
livestock, forestry, aquatics, water conservation, meteorology and
services), includes investments by all levels of government
(central, province, prefecture, county and township). Individual
or collective (sometimes referred to as extrabudgetary) investment
is excluded. At different times the definitions for agricultural
investment changed, particularly with respect to investment in
meteorological facilities.

Irrigated Area -- Irrigated area is level land that is effectively
irrigated or has water sources and complete sets of irrigation
equipment to lift and move adequate water to the fields under
normal conditions.

Jute -- Jute (huanghong ma) statistics include ambary hemp (kenaf).
Jute is separate from Indian hemp (da ma). It is not clear whether
meng hemp (also known as Indian mallow or China jute) is included
in jute or whether it is included in Indian hemp. Older jute
series are reported on an unprocessed basis. More recent series
are reported on a processed basis and have adjusted the older data
to reflect the change.

Knits -- Data on knits or knitted goods includes both knitting wool
and woolen knitwear.

Large and Medium Tractor -- The current definitions for large and
medium tractors is 20 horsepower (hp) or more and small tractors is
less than 20 hp. Previously, large tractors were 60 hp, medium
tractors were 30-59 hp and small tractors were less than 29 hp. It
is not clear when the change was made or if the old statistics have
been adjusted to reflect this change.

Livestock -- Livestock statistics include all animals, whether used
in agriculture or not, but exclude all aquaculture (cultured,
freshwater, or saltwater).

Mixed Average Price -- Mixed average retail or procurement prices
are an average of the fixed, negotiated and open market prices for
a commodity, as well as an average of various standards, grades and
qualities.

Multiple Crop Index (MCI) -- The multiple crop index (or MCI) is a
common measure of the intensity of land use. It is the ratio of
sown area to cultivated area, expressed as a percentage.

Mutton -- Mutton output statistics in China include both sheep and
goat meat, though animal inventory statistics do provide separate
sheep and goat data.

Oilseed Crops -- Oilseed crops, according to China's official
definition, includes peanut, rapeseed, sesameseed, sunflowerseed,
huma and other (a number of minor oilseeds). Soybean, cottonseed,
and oil-bearing seeds and nuts from trees are excluded. Soybean,
excluded from oilseed crops, are considered a grain crop in China's
statistics.

Other Edible Oilseeds -- Other edible oilseed data are calculated
as a residual. Other edible oilseeds likely includes such
miscellaneous crops as castor bean, safflowerseed and perillaseed.

Other grains -- It is unclear exactly which grains make up the
other grain category, although it probably includes barley, oats,
buckwheat, proso millet, meng beans, broad beans, ormosia beans and
an unknown number of other minor grains or legumes. Output is
measured minus the pod and on a dry weight basis.

Peanut -- Peanut output statistics are calculated on a shelled, dry
weight basis.

Population -- Population statistics include military personnel, but
excludes Taiwan. Rural population refers to persons whose
permanent residence is outside the jurisdiction of a city or a
town. However, in 1982, 1984 and 1991, the definitions for rural
and urban population were changed. With the 1991 change, the
statistics were recalculated back to the year 1982. Data from
1949-81 remained unchanged.

Poultry meat -- Poultry meat output and consumption statistics
include meat from all varieties of poultry (chicken, duck, goose,
etc.).

Tubers (Potatoes) -- Tubers are considered a grain crop in China
and are included in total grain production statistics. Includes
both sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes, but, at least in recent
years, excludes taro and cassava. Some Irish potato production is
excluded. In some provinces, potatoes grown for use as vegetables
are not counted as grain. Tuber statistics are converted to grain
equivalents on a 5:1 dry weight grain basis. Tuber data prior to
1965 was converted on a 4:1 basis, so those years were adjusted to
the new standard 5:1 equivalent basis.

Procurement -- Procurement data is usually presented either on a
trade grain (milled) rather than a raw grain (unmilled) basis. The
most inclusive category of procurement is total social procurement
(shehui shougou) and includes all procurement by all types of
government and non-government entities (supply and marketing
cooperatives, authorized factories or processing plants, etc.).
Two other somewhat less inclusive categories of procurement that
are frequently encountered in the statistics are state commercial
enterprise and supply and marketing cooperative procurement (quanmin
suoyou shangye he gongxiao hezuoshe shougou) and total commercial
procurement (shehui shangye shougou). It is unclear which of the two
lesser categories is more inclusive than the other, though it is
likely that total commercial procurement is the smallest of the
three types.

Procurement Prices -- Procurement prices are the prices paid by the
State to the peasant for certain targeted agricultural crops.
These are generally reported as mixed average procurement prices
and are based on a variety of standards, varieties and grades for
each specific commodity.

Raw Grain -- A raw grain basis means that all the grains are in an
unprocessed (unhusked) form. Generally speaking, production
statistics are on a raw grain basis, while consumption, trade and
procurement statistics are on a trade (processed) grain basis.

Red Meat -- Red meat output, including beef, pork and mutton,
refers to carcass weight. In general, red meat statistics exclude
heads, hooves and offal, but include bone.

Rice -- Rice includes water and dry-land variety rice. Rice grown
in northern China is single crop late rice, also called Northern
rice. Rice grown in southern China includes early rice,
intermediate and single crop late rice, and finally, double crop
late rice. Production of rice is generally measured on a dry,
unmilled (or rough) weight basis.

Rural Labor Force -- China's rural labor force refers to the series
originally reported by the SSB as rural collective and individual
laborers (nongcun jiti he geti laodongzhe). Rural labor is broken down
into farm work, rural industry, construction, transportation,
commerce and miscellaneous occupations. Beginning in 1985, new
definitions were used to compile rural and urban labor force
statistics. These new definitions were then used to adjust the old
data back to 1978. Also, in 1978 rural industrial labor at and
below the village-level was shifted from agriculture to industry.

Shoes -- Data on shoes includes rubber, sports (athletic) and
leather shoes.

Slaughter Rate -- The slaughter rate of livestock, a measure of the
rate of slaughter of animal inventory, is calculated by dividing
slaughter during a given year by the beginning inventory of that
year.

Small Tractors -- Small tractors are currently defined as tractors
with less than 20 horsepower. Formerly, this category included
tractors with less than 29 horsepower.

Soybean -- Soybean includes the following varieties: yellow
(huang), green (qing), black (hei) and others. Soybean production
statistics are on a dry, out of pod weight basis.

Sugar -- Sugar statistics in China include processed cane sugar and
beet sugar. The statistics are presented simply as "sugar" (tang).
There is no further explanation. Although unconfirmed, officials
in China have told USDA officers that sugar production and trade
figures are reported on a refined rather than a raw weight basis.
They also indicated that approximately 75 percent is white sugar
and 25 percent is brown sugar.

Sugarbeet -- Production figures are on the basis of beet root
weight (excluding leaves and stalks). All sugarbeet production is
included in output statistics, no matter the ultimate enduse
(produce sugar, use for livestock feed, or use as a vegetable,
etc.).

Sugarcane -- Sugarcane production is computed on a cane stalk
weight basis (excludes leaves).   Output statistics include both
sugarcane (tangzhe) and fruitcane (guozhe). Harvesting, carried out
from the winter of the first calendar year to the spring of the
next, is all included in the first year.

Tea -- Tea production statistics include all tea harvested, whether
from cultivated area or wild tea plants. Tea production is
calculated on a dry weight basis.

Tobacco -- Tobacco output is on a dry weight basis. China reports
data for total tobacco leaf and the flue-cured portion. The
remainder includes local tobacco varieties. "Other tobacco" is
calculated by subtracting flue-cured tobacco from total tobacco.

Total Grain -- China's definition of total grain includes rice,
wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, other miscellaneous grains, tubers
(potatoes) and soybeans. Minor grains and pulses are included in
the "other miscellaneous grains" category.

Total Oilseeds -- Total oilseeds includes peanuts, rapeseed,
sunflowerseed, sesameseed, huma and other such miscellaneous
oilseed crops as castor bean, safflowerseed and perillaseed.
Soybeans, cottonseed and oil-bearing seeds and nuts from trees are
not included.

Trade -- Data in the historical series are those from China's
Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade (MOFERT). Exports
are now on a free on board (f.o.b.) basis while imports are on a
cost, insurance, and freight (c.i.f.) basis. MOFERT data include
all types of trade under the Ministry's jurisdiction, whether or
not entering China's ports. The value added to goods imported,
processed, and re-exported, such as labor costs and processing
fees, is also included. But, MOFERT data exclude local trade not
under its jurisdiction, trade of some joint ventures, and all
individual dealings. MOFERT statistics also include aid
commitments not yet delivered to China.

Statistics from China's Customs Administration, another set of
slightly different trade statistics, became available in 1981.
These statistics differ from those of MOFERT. Particularly in the
early 1980's, Customs numbers tended to be lower than MOFERT
because coverage in some cases was more limited. However, as ever-
increasing numbers of independent (non-MOFERT administered) trading
enterprises have been established, Custom's statistics have grown
to be larger than those provided by MOFERT. Statistics from the
Customs Administration include trade only via China's ports and
only customs-cleared aid donations. But, they include the full
value of goods imported, processed, and re-exported. They also
cover a broader range of imports and exports, including trade of
local and provincial enterprises not reporting to MOFERT, all joint
enterprises, and trade by individuals and firms.

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Trade Grain -- Statistics on procurement and sales of grain are
based reported on a trade grain basis. Trade grain is defined as
unhusked rice and millet have been converted into husked forms
according to standard conversion factors. Other grains (wheat,
sorghum, etc.) remain in their unprocessed weight. Generally
speaking, consumption, trade or procurement statistics are on a
trade grain basis, while production statistics are on a raw grain
(unprocessed) basis.

Vegetables -- Figures are only available for total vegetable area.
As far as is known, China's statistical system does not collect
vegetable production data. All area sown to vegetables and
vegetable-type melons (cucumber, squash, pumpkin, winter melon,
bitter melon, towel gourd, etc.) are included. Area sown to fruit-
type melons (watermelon, cantaloupe, muskmelon, etc.) is excluded.
Instead, fruit-type melon area is included in a separate melon
category. Other items included in vegetable area statistics are
fennel (aniseed), water-bamboo (jiaobei), taro (yutou), ginger
(shengjiang), etc.

Winter Wheat -- Winter wheat production and area data is not
published. However, it can be derived by subtracting published
data on spring wheat from total wheat.

Wool -- Total wool production data include mohair (shanyangmao) and
sheep wool (mianyangmao), but exclude cashmere (shanyangrong). Sheep
wool output is broken down further, breaking out fine (60's count
grade or higher) and semi-fine ( 36 to 58's count grade) wool
output.

Yarn -- Yarn is the sum-total of cotton yarn, synthetic yarn and
cotton-synthetic blended yarn. Only national level data is
available for pure cotton yarn output.

Yellow Cattle -- Yellow cattle is a generic term for all of China's
native cattle.


Suggested Readings

Agricultural Acreage in Communist China, 1949-68: A Statistical
Compilation. Aug. 1969. (For information, contact the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, China
Section.)

Agricultural Technical Economic Handbook Editing Committee. Nongye
Jishu Jingji Shouce (Agricultural Technical Economic Handbook).
Beijing, Nongye Chubanshe, May 1983.

Chen Nai-Ruenn. Chinese Economics Statistics. Aldin Publishing
Company, Chicago, 1967.

Chern, Wen S., Wang Zhi and Julie Roemer. Database for Food
Consumption in the People's Republic of China. Department of
Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio, September 1989 (unpublished dataset).

China, Ministry of Agriculture and State Statistical Bureau.
Nongye Tongji Baobiao Zhidu (Agricultural Statistical Reporting
System). Sept. 1980. Printed text and tables presented to U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Economics and Statistics Team. Tables
translated by Frederick W. Crook and published in Planning and
Statistical Systems in China's Agriculture (See Tuan, Francis C.).

China, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries.
Statistics of China's Agriculture. Beijing, 1982 and 1983.

China, Academy of Social Sciences, Trade and Economics Research
Center, Editor. Nongchanpin Chengben yu Jiage Lunwenji (A
Collection of Treatises on Agricultural Product Costs of Production
and Prices). Beijing, Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe, May, 1983.

China, State Statistical Bureau, Department of Agricultural
Statistics. Compilation of Experience in Rural Statistical Work at
the Basic Level. Peking, Statistical Publishing House, 1956.

China, State Statistical Bureau. Nongcun Tongji zai Gaige zhong
Qianjin (Rural Statistics Improve in Reform). Beijing, 1987.

Department of Agricultural Economics, National Agricultural
Research Bureau. China's Agricultural Estimates, 1931-1946.

Encyclopedic Yearbook Editing Committee. Zhongguo Baike Nianjian
(China Encyclopedic Yearbook). 1980, 1981, and 1982 editions.
Beijing, Zhongguo Da Baike Quanshu Chubanshe, Aug. 1980, July 1981,
and Oct. 1982.

Government of India, Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Report of
the Indian Delegation to China on Agricultural Planning and
Techniques. New Delhi, Manager of Publications, July-August, 1956.

Handbook of Agricultural Statistical Work Editing Committee.
Handbook of Agricultural Statistical Work. Beijing, Statistical
Publishing House, June 1956. Translated by American Consulate
General, Hong Kong. "Agricultural Statistics in Communist China,"
Current Background. No. 434, January 15, 1957.

Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Agricultural School, Editors.
Nongye Kuaiji Jichu Zhishi (Elementary Agricultural Accounting
Knowledge). Nongye Chubanshe, Beijing, Aug. 1979.

Jia Qi-yun. "Generate Enthusiasm and Progress toward Victory to
Accomplish the Task of Establishing Agricultural Statistical Work
in Rural Areas," Jihua yu Tongji (Planning and Statistics). No. 6,
June 23, 1960, p. 8.

Li Choh-ming. The Statistical System of Communist China. Berkeley
and Los Angeles. University of California Press, 1962.

            . "Statistics and Planning at the Hsien Level in
Communist China," The China Quarterly. No. 9, January-March, 1962,
pp. 112-123.

Li Fei-tang. "A New Phase of Rural Statistical Work," Jihua yu
Tongji (Planning and Statistics). No. 5, May, 1960, pp. 9-10.

Ma Yu-hua. Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Editor. Tianjian
Shiyan Hetongji Fangfa. (Field Experiments and Statistical
Methods). Beijing, Nongye Chubanshe, September, 1979.

Manchoukuo Yearbook Company. The Manchoukuo Year Book, 1942.
HsinKing, Manchoukuo, 1942.

Matsuda, Yoshiro. "Methods of Compiling Crop Statistics in China,"
Developing Economies. No. 3, Sept. 1965, pp. 323-342.

Sun Ye-fang. "Consolidate Statistical Work, Reform the Statistical
System," Jingji Guanli (Economics and Management). No. 2, Feb.
1981; translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, No. 58,
March 26, 1981, pp. L-4 to L-9.

Taylor, Jeffrey R., and Karen A. Hardee. Consumer Demand in China:
A Statistical Factbook. Boulder, Colorado and London, Westview
Press, 1986.

Tuan, Francis C., and Frederick W. Crook. Planning and Statistical
Systems in China's Agriculture. FAER-181, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Economic Research Service, April, 1981.

Weidade Shinian, Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Jingji he Wenhua Jianshe
Chengxude Tongji (The Great Ten Years, Statistics on Economic and
Cultural Construction Achievements of the People's Republic of
China). Beijing, Renmin Chubanshe, September, 1959, English
edition.

Zhang Min-ru and Xu Shu-geng. Nongye Tongji Jichu Zhishi (Basic
Knowledge of Agricultural Statistics). Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 1981.


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gezhisu

2008-3-17 19:43:00

好啊

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2008-3-17 19:49:00

怎么没有东西啊

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