· TheESD identifier, more commonly known asthe “three-sigma edit rule,” well known but unreliable;
· TheHampel identifier, a more reliableprocedure based on the median and the MADM scale estimate;
· Thestandard boxplot rule,based on the upper and lower quartiles of the data distribution;
· Anadjusted boxplot rule,based on the upper and lower quartiles, along with a robust Skewness estimatorcalled the medcouple.