期货是与现货相对应的，就是双方约定在未来某一时间以某一价格价格交割某种实物，白话文就是现在我们约定在未来你要买或者卖给我什么东西
期权是在期货的基础上衍生出来的，是指在未来一定时期可以买卖的权利，是买方向卖方支付一定数量的金额（指权利金）后拥有的在未来一段时间内（指美式期权）或未来某一特定日期（指欧式期权）以事先规定好的价格（指履约价格）向卖方购买或出售一定数量的特定标的物的权力，但不负有必须买进或卖出的义务。白话文就是现在我买了一定时期以后比如3个月以后的以10块钱每吨的价格卖或买你棉花的权利，但是因为我交了20块钱的保证金，我不是在3个月后必须买或者卖你棉花
对冲就是同时进行两笔行情相关、方向相反、数量相当、盈亏相抵的交易，主要是降低交易的风险的
仅供参考

灰常感谢，谢谢！

楼上的回答的不错啊 补充下 注意区分远期合约与期货合约

请问远期合约跟期货合约有什么不同乃？麻烦了我是菜鸟营的~

In a forward contract, one party agrees to buy, and the counterparty to sell, a physical asset or a security at a specific price on a specific date in the future. If the future price of the asset increases, the buyer (at the older, lower price) has a gain, and the seller a loss.
A futures contract is a forward contract that is standardized and exchange-traded. The main differences with forwards are that futures are traded in an active secondary market, are regulated, backed by the clearinghouse, and require a daily settlement of gains and losses.