生产率改变的两种渠道

It argues thatrestructuring can raise overall productivity in two ways. First, productivitycan grow due to changes within existing enterprises, such as the introductionof new technology and organizational change. For convenience, we call thisinternal restructuring.

The secondsource of productivity growth is the process of market selection, whereby lowproductivity establishments exit and are replaced by higher productivityentrants while higher productivity incumbents gain market share. We call thisprocess external restructuring.

永续盘存法在产业层面使用时的缺陷

The perpetualinventory method is frequently criticized when applied to industry data sinceit ignores premature scrapping due for example to closure of plants.

生产率的分解：三种方法

内生性之选择效应

A standard approach to handling the selection issue is to condition estimated model on an auxiliary equation containing variables that capture the probability ofthe establishment surviving.