书名 Fuzzy Logic for Business, Finance, and Management (2nd Edition)

作者 George Bojadziev, Maria Bojadziev

各式 PDF

页码 253
Contents
Foreword xi
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface to the First Edition xv
List of Case Studies xix
1 Fuzzy Sets 1
1.1 Classical Sets: Relations and Functions . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 De nition of Fuzzy Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3 Basic Operations on Fuzzy Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.4 Fuzzy Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.5 Triangular Fuzzy Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.6 Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.7 Fuzzy Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.8 Basic Operations on Fuzzy Relations . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.9 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2 Fuzzy Logic 37
2.1 Basic Concepts of Classical Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2 Many-Valued Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.3 What is Fuzzy Logic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4 Linguistic Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.5 Linguistic Modi ers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.6 Composition Rules for Fuzzy Propositions . . . . . . . . 50
2.7 Semantic Entailment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.8 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3 Fuzzy Averaging for Forecasting 61
3.1 Statistical Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.2 Arithmetic Operations with Triangular and Trapezoidal
Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.3 Fuzzy Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.4 Fuzzy Delphi Method for Forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.5 Weighted Fuzzy Delphi Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.6 Fuzzy PERT for Project Management . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.7 Forecasting Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.8 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4 Decision Making in a Fuzzy Environment 91
4.1 Decision Making by Intersection of Fuzzy Goals and Con-
straints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.2 Various Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.3 Pricing Models for New Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.4 Fuzzy Averaging for Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . 110
4.5 Multi-Expert Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
4.6 Fuzzy Zero-Based Budgeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
4.7 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
5 Fuzzy Logic Control for Business, Finance, and Manage-
ment 127
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
5.2 Modeling the Control Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5.3 If : : : and : : : Then Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
5.4 Rule Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
5.5 Aggregation (Con
ict Resolution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
5.6 Defuzzi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
5.7 Use of Singletons to Model Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . 149
5.8 Tuning of Fuzzy Logic Control Models . . . . . . . . . . 150
5.9 One-Input{One-Output Control Model . . . . . . . . . . 152
5.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
6 Applications of Fuzzy Logic Control 157
6.1 Investment Advisory Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
6.2 Fuzzy Logic Control for Pest Management . . . . . . . . 164
6.3 Inventory Control Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
6.4 Problem Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
6.5 Potential Problem Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
6.6 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
7 Fuzzy Queries from Databases: Applications 187
7.1 Standard Relational Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
7.2 Fuzzy Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
7.3 Fuzzy Complex Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
7.4 Fuzzy Queries for Small Manufacturing Companies . . . 199
7.5 Fuzzy Queries for Stocks and Funds Databases . . . . . 206
7.6 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
References 217
Index 223