英文文献：Physical Access For Persons With Disability In Rented Compound Houses In Kumasi: Evidence From Selected Neighbourhoods In The Metropolis-在库马西，残疾人在租来的复合式房屋中的实际出入:来自大都市选定社区的证据
英文文献作者：L.A. Asante,A. Sasu,E.K. Gavu
英文文献摘要：
Per local legislations in Ghana and international conventions protecting the rights of persons with disability (PWDs), accessibility to public places and services is a guaranteed right. Persons and institutions that provide service to the general public are mandated to provide facilities that make the service available to PWDs. However, several studies have argued that most of the buildings of public institutions, including those who provide educational and legal service, remain inaccessible to PWDs. With a year to go on the 10-year moratorium set by the PWD Act 2006 (Act 715) for all to comply, this research examines the level of accessibility of compound houses in Kumasi, which constitutes the majority of housing type in Ghana. The study also examines the reasons for landlords’ inability to comply with the accessibility provisions of Act 715. We adopt a stratified random sampling technique to select a total of 120 compound houses and landlords from three neighbourhoods in Kumasi. Through interviews and observations, we observe that more than 90 per cent of compound houses are not accessible to mobility impaired PWDs. All changes in floor level, in and out of the houses, are accessible by stairs only. None of the houses had a ramp; staircases were either too steep, had uneven steps or unrounded nosing; and doors had no kick plate. Lack of awareness of the law, financial constraint and the negative societal perception of PWDs among others are the reasons for landlords’ inability to comply with Act 715. It is recommended that accessibility guidelines that specify the level of access for PWDs should be enacted and also that government applies sanctions to non-conforming landlords to ensure a barrier free environment for all. The National Building Regulations 1996 (L.I. 1630) should be amended and improved at least to cater to the needs of PWDs in new rental housing facilities.

根据加纳的地方立法和保护残疾人权利的国际公约，进入公共场所和公共服务是一项得到保障的权利。向公众提供服务的人士和机构，均须提供设施，为残疾人士提供服务。然而，几项研究认为，大多数公共机构的建筑物，包括那些提供教育和法律服务的机构，仍然无法让残疾人士进入。2006年《PWD法案》(第715号法案)为所有人制定了为期10年的禁令，在此之后的一年时间里，这项研究考察了库马西(Kumasi)的复合式住宅的可接近性水平，这是加纳大部分住宅类型的组成部分。该研究还调查了房东无法遵守第715号法案的无障碍条款的原因。我们采用分层随机抽样的方法，从库马西三个街区共选取了120户复式住宅和业主。通过采访和观察，我们发现超过90%的院舍无法为行动不便的残疾人士提供方便。所有楼层的变化，无论是在房子的内部还是外部，都只能通过楼梯进入。没有一所房子有斜坡;楼梯不是太陡，台阶不平，就是鼻子不圆;门上没有防踢板。对法律缺乏认识、经济拮据和社会对残疾人士的负面看法等是房东无法遵守第715号法案的原因。建议制定规定残疾人士出入程度的无障碍设施准则，并建议政府对不符合规定的房东实施制裁，以确保所有人都能享受无障碍环境。《1996年国家建筑条例》(L.I. 1630)应加以修订和改善，至少应满足在新的租赁住房设施中残疾人士的需要。