Contents （很有价值）
1.  Summary: the world in 2050  1
1.1.  Key findings  1
1.2.  Projections to 2050  1
1.3.  Opportunities and challenges for business  3
1.4.  Energy use and climate change: too late for 2 degrees?  3
2.  Introduction  4
2.1.  Background on the 2050 reports  4
2.2. Our modelling approach  4
2.3. What has changed since the January 2011 update?  5
2.4.  Structure of this report  5
3.  Key results  6
3.1.  Relative size of economies  6
3.1.1.  G7 versus E7  6
3.1.2.  China, US and India likely to be dominant global economies by 2050 8
3.1.3.  Beyond the top 3 countries  8
3.2. Relative GDP growth  10
3.3. Relative income levels  11
3.4.  Focus on Poland and Malaysia  11
3.4.1.  Commentary on long-term growth projections for Poland  11
3.4.2.  Commentary on long-term growth projections for Malaysia  13
4.  Potential obstacles to sustainable growth and the climate
change challenge  14
4.1.  Potential obstacles to sustainable growth  14
4.2. Energy use and climate change: too late for 2 degrees?  14
5.  Implications for businesses  16
5.1.  Opportunities and challenges for Western companies  16
5.2.  Increased focus on emerging consumer markets  16
Appendix A.  Drivers of growth  18
A.1. Model structure  18
A.1.1.  Demographics  18
A.1.2.  Education  19
A.1.3.  Capital investment  20
A.1.4.  Technological progress  21
A.2. Real exchange rates: PPPs vs. MERs  21
Appendix B.  Additional projections for GDP at market exchange rates
  23