英文文献：Foreign aid, education and lifelong learning in Africa-非洲的对外援助、教育和终身学习
英文文献作者：Simplice Asongu,Vanessa Tchamyou
英文文献摘要：
This study investigates the effect of foreign aid on education and lifelong learning in 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010. Three main issues are assessed, notably: (i) the effect of aid on education; (ii) the incremental impact of aid on education and (iii) the effect of aid on lifelong learning. Lifelong learning is measured as the combined knowledge acquired during the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education. Foreign aid dynamics include: Total aid, aid from Multilateral Donors (MD) and aid from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) countries. The empirical evidence is based on an endogeneity-robust Generalized Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, the aid variables have positive effects on primary school enrolment and lifelong learning, with the exception of aid from MD which positively affects only lifelong learning. Second, the positive effect on primary school enrolment consistently has a higher magnitude compared to the corresponding impact on lifelong learning. Third, the effects of aid dynamics on secondary and tertiary school enrolments are not significant. We also contribute to the literature by proposing an indicator of lifelong learning for developing countries.

本研究调查了1996-2010年期间，外援对53个非洲国家的教育和终身学习的影响。评估了三个主要问题，特别是:(i)援助对教育的影响;(二)援助对教育的增量影响;(三)援助对终身学习的影响。终身学习是指在小学、中学和高等教育阶段所获得的综合知识。对外援助动态包括:总援助、多边捐助者的援助(MD)和发展援助委员会(DAC)国家的援助。经验证据是基于内生性稳健矩广义方法。下面的发现是确定的。第一，援助变量对小学入学率和终身学习有正向影响，但MD援助仅对终身学习有正向影响。其次，对小学入学率的积极影响始终高于对终身学习的相应影响。第三，援助动态对中学和大学入学率的影响不显著。我们还提出了一个发展中国家终身学习的指标，从而为文献做出了贡献。