英文文献：Mitigating capital flight through military expenditure: insight from 37 African countries-通过军事开支减少资本外逃:来自37个非洲国家的见解
英文文献作者：Simplice Asongu,Joseph Amankwah-Amoah
英文文献摘要：
The purpose of this study is to assess the thresholds at which military expenditure modulates the effect of terrorism on capital flight. We employed a panel data of 37 African countries from 1996-2010.The empirical evidence was based on: (i) baseline contemporary and non-contemporary OLS, (ii) contemporary and non-contemporary fixed effects regressions to account for the unobserved heterogeneity, (iii) the Generalised Method of Moments to account for the capital flight trap and (iv) Quantile Regressions (QR) to account for initial levels of capital flight. The study found that the thresholds are apparent exclusively in Quantile Regressions with military expenditure thresholds ranging from: 4.224 to 5.612 for domestic terrorism, 5.734 to 7.363 for unclear terrorism and 4.710 to 6.617 for total terrorism. No thresholds are apparent in transnational terrorism related regressions. Depending on the terrorist target, the findings broadly show that a critical mass of between 4.224 and 7.363 of military expenditure as a percentage of GDP is needed to reverse the negative effect of terrorism on capital flight. In spite of the growing consensus of the need to utilise military expenditure to help combat terrorism, our understanding of the threshold at which military expenditure completely dampens the negative effect of terrorism on capital flight remains largely underexplored. We capitalize on panel data of 37 African countries to address this lacuna in our understanding of this important issue.

本研究的目的是评估军事支出调节恐怖主义对资本外逃影响的阈值。我们使用了1996-2010年37个非洲国家的面板数据。经验证据是基于:(i)基线现代non-contemporary OLS,(2)现代non-contemporary固定效应回归占未被注意的异构性,(3)时刻的普遍方法占资本外逃的陷阱和(iv)分位数回归(QR)占初始水平的资本外逃。研究发现，阈值只出现在分位数回归中，其阈值范围为:国内恐怖主义为4.224至5.612，不明确恐怖主义为5.734至7.363，总恐怖主义为4.710至6.617。与跨国恐怖主义有关的回归没有明显的阈值。根据恐怖主义的目标，调查结果大致表明，需要军事开支占国内生产总值的4.224至7.363的临界数量，才能扭转恐怖主义对资本外逃的负面影响。尽管越来越多的人认为有必要利用军费帮助打击恐怖主义，但我们对军费完全抑制恐怖主义对资本外逃的负面影响的门槛的理解，在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。我们利用37个非洲国家的面板数据来解决我们对这一重要问题理解上的不足。