Indirect trade in steel: definitions, methodology and applications
A working paper issued by the World Steel Association (worldsteel)

Introduction
This paper aims to define and develop methodologies, and to indicate use of indirect trade in steel. Indirect
trade in steel – exports and imports of steel in the form of steel containing manufactured goods – is a crucial
issue in steel demand estimations. Incorporating indirect trade in steel allows a more realistic picture of steel
use across countries and in time.