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Developing countries are currently experiencing a faster reduction in fertility than expected, as well as an increase in longevity. These demographic changes are leading to an altered population age structure whereby the size and share of the working population and the elderly population are growing. While the increasing size of the working age population is a welcome shift and a key factor for realizing a demographic dividend, the increasing share of the elderly population is generally perceived as a burden. A marked increase in the share of elderly population will exert pressure on pension and healthcare systems and necessitate greater public spending.

Developing countries are currently experiencing a faster reduction in fertility than expected, as well as an increase in longevity. These demographic changes are leading to an altered population age structure whereby the size and share of the working population and the elderly population are growing. While the increasing size of the working age population is a welcome shift and a key factor for realizing a demographic dividend, the increasing share of the elderly population is generally perceived as a burden. A marked increase in the share of elderly population will exert pressure on pension and healthcare systems and necessitate greater public spending.

The primary objective of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) is to collect longitudinal multidisciplinary data from a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and older.

The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing is a multidisciplinary study of a representative sample of men and women aged 50 years and over living in England. This report launches the fifth wave of data collection, carried out in 2010-11. ELSA was designed to understand the unfolding dynamics of ageing and the relationships between economic circumstances, social and psychological factors, health, cognitive function and biology as people move through retirement into older age. The sample first assessed in 2002 included more than 11,000 participants, and they have been restudied every two years since then. The data from ELSA are used widely by academic scholars and policymakers interested in this critical period of life, since the study provides crucial evidence that is relevant to decision-making in the arena of public policy and to research in economics, health, biology and social sciences. The wealth of information spanning eight years in the ELSA cohort is not possible to cover in detail in a single publication. This report therefore focuses on in-depth analyses of three issues of current scientific and policy importance: - Pension wealth and contribution dynamics - Social detachment - Health and well-being In addition, the report includes an extensive and detailed set of tables describing results in the economics, social and health domains, summarising other important measures collected in ELSA from both a cross-sectional and longitudinal perpective. These tables will provide readers with a rich set of information about the dynamic changes in the experience of ageing over time and highlight the opportunities for further interesting analyses using ELSA.

The ELSA includes objective and subjective data relating to health and disability, biological markers of disease, economic circumstance, social participation, networks and well-being.

The ELSA includes objective and subjective data relating to health and disability, biological markers of disease, economic circumstance, social participation, networks and well-being.

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Highlights
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Found higher rating of high coordination at time 2 as compared to time 1.
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Culturally responsive practices were associated with high coordination.
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Leadership determined the scope and scale of efforts to provide coordinated care.
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Interventions for funding and leadership under health care reform are discussed.

Abstract
In this mixed-method study, we examined coordination of mental health and public health services in addiction health services (AHS) in low-income racial and ethnic minority communities in 2011 and 2013. Data from surveys and semistructured interviews were used to evaluate the extent to which environmental and organizational characteristics influenced the likelihood of high coordination with mental health and public health providers among outpatient AHS programs. Coordination was defined and measured as the frequency of interorganizational contact among AHS programs and mental health and public health providers. The analytic sample consisted of 112 programs at time 1 (T1) and 122 programs at time 2 (T2), with 61 programs included in both periods of data collection. Forty-three percent of AHS programs reported high frequency of coordination with mental health providers at T1 compared to 66% at T2. Thirty-one percent of programs reported high frequency of coordination with public health services at T1 compared with 54% at T2. Programs with culturally responsive resources and community linkages were more likely to report high coordination with both services. Qualitative analysis highlighted the role of leadership in leveraging funding and developing creative solutions to deliver coordinated care. Overall, our findings suggest that AHS program funding, leadership, and cultural competence may be important drivers of program capacity to improve coordination with health service providers to serve minorities in an era of health care reform.

Coordination was defined and measured as the frequency of interorganizational contact among AHS programs and mental health and public health providers.

In this mixed-method study, we examined coordination of mental health and public health services in addiction health services (AHS) in low-income racial and ethnic minority communities in 2011 and 2013.

In this mixed-method study, we examined coordination of mental health and public health services in addiction health services (AHS) in low-income racial and ethnic minority communities in 2011 and 2013.