• Farrell Sr has left the England coaching team for role with Ireland
• ‘It’s no different for me. He’s part of a new set-up and that’s his challenge’

Owen Farrell has insisted he does not see his professional life changing hugely in the wake of his father Andy’s departure from the England setup.

For the first time in his union career, Farrell junior is about to start working with a coaching team not featuring his father, who has moved across the Irish Sea to assume new roles with Ireland and Munster.

Uncertainty
• Partial knowledge of state of the world
• Noisy observations
• Phenomena not covered by our model
• Inherent stochasticity

Probability Theory
• Declarative representation with clear
semantics
• Powerful reasoning patterns
• Established learning methods

Complex Systems
predisposing factors
symptoms
test results
diseases
treatment outcomes
class labels for
thousands of superpixels
Random variables X1,…, Xn
Joint distribution P(X1,…, Xn)

Let’s take a break from statistics and data science to think a bit about programming language theory, and how the theory relates to the programming language used in the R analysis platform (the language is technically called “S”, but we are going to just call the whole analysis system “R”).

The McNemar test [1] is a fundamental method for analyzing a dataset summarized in a 2 × 2 contingency table of two binary matched-pairs data. Despite its simple and solid theoretical background, the McNemar test is limited by its unexpectedly small power [2, 3]. Although the power could potentially be improved by a heuristic procedure, we instead construct a test procedure under an explicitly stated assumption. For this purpose, a Bayesian approach is promising. In fact, a prior density based on prior knowledge should improve the power of the derived test. The Bayesian method also admits extensions in a routine way.

Variation in cancer risk among
tissues can be explained by the
number of stem cell divisions

Some tissue types give rise to human cancers millions of times more often than other
tissue types. Although this has been recognized for more than a century, it has never been
explained. Here, we show that the lifetime risk of cancers of many different types is strongly
correlated (0.81) with the total number of divisions of the normal self-renewing cells
maintaining that tissue’s homeostasis. These results suggest that only a third of the variation
in cancer risk among tissues is attributable to environmental factors or inherited
predispositions. The majority is due to “bad luck,” that is, random mutations arising during
DNA replication in normal, noncancerous stem cells. This is important not only for
understanding the disease but also for designing strategies to limit the mortality it causes.

Extreme variation in cancer incidence across
different tissues is well known; for example,
the lifetime risk of being diagnosed
with cancer is 6.9% for lung, 1.08% for
thyroid, 0.6% for brain and the rest of the
nervous system, 0.003% for pelvic bone and
0.00072% for laryngeal cartilage (1–3). Some of
these differences are associated with well-known
risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, ultraviolet
light, or human papilloma virus (HPV)
(4, 5), but this applies only to specific populations
exposed to potent mutagens or viruses. And such
exposures cannot explain why cancer risk in
tissues within the alimentary tract can differ by
as much as a factor of 24 [esophagus (0.51%),
large intestine (4.82%), small intestine (0.20%),
and stomach (0.86%)] (3). Moreover, cancers of
the small intestinal epithelium are three times
less common than brain tumors (3), even though
small intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to
much higher levels of environmental mutagens
than are cells within the brain, which are protected
by the blood-brain barrier.

Another well-studied contributor to cancer is
inherited genetic variation. However, only 5 to
10% of cancers have a heritable component
(6–8), and even when hereditary factors in predisposed
individuals can be identified, the way in
which these factors contribute to differences in
cancer incidences among different organs is
obscure. For example, the same, inheritedmutant
APC gene is responsible for both the predisposition
to colorectal and small intestinal cancers

位于华盛顿的国际金融协会(Institute of International Finance)昨日发布报告称，在人民币走低的背景下，去年最后三个月期间资本外流增加，海外投资者纷纷撤出新兴市场，而中国企业纷纷偿还境外借款。

去年新兴市场的资本净流出估计达到7350亿美元，除了其中590亿美元以外，其余全都是从中国流出的。去年10月这个全球金融业组织曾预计，2015年新兴市场将遭遇自1988年以来首次资本净流出，流出规模将为5400亿美元。

中国央行前顾问李稻葵表示，要避免人民币贬值造成更严重的危害，中国就必须放弃人民币盯住美元，并且将自己的汇率政策“明确”告知市场。

据彭博社，现任清华大学教授的李稻葵周三在出席瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛时表示，人民币盯住美元毫无意义；世界不需要另一种盯住美元的货币，需要的是一种盯住一篮子货币的相对稳定的货币。

李稻葵说，无论是在岸还是离岸干预措施都不理想，最好的做法是明确告诉市场中国的汇率政策是什么，每天人民币兑一篮子货币汇率应保持在什么水平。

21日是列宁逝世92周年纪念日，当天普京总统主持召开了科学教育委员会会议。库尔恰托夫研究所所长科瓦利丘克在会上提到了诗人鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克的《崇高的疾病》。这部作品中写道：列宁得以管理国家，是因为他控制了思想方向。因此，科瓦利丘克建议在科学界找到能在具体领域控制思想方向的组织。“我们本来不需要世界革命的。”普京在会议结束时表示，“控制思想方向是正确的，但这种思想需要带来正确的结果，这个结果不能像弗拉基米尔·列宁带来的那样。列宁的思想最终导致了苏联解体，它像是被安放在‘俄罗斯’大厦下的核弹，后来这枚核弹爆炸了。”

广东男子恶搞报纸被拘引争议 专家认为有滥权倾向

北京尚权律师事务所张青松律师：警方完全没有必要采取拘留措施，这显然是一个恶作剧。任何一个现代ZF都不可能有开放二妻的政策，林某和PS图片的行为完全就是个玩笑，ZF不应该一点幽默感的没有。林某和PS发布的图片内容明显失真，不会被公众所相信，不会造成社会危害。

上海大邦律师事务所斯伟江律师：大家都知道是恶搞，最多会理解为印刷错误，也知道不会是真的。

北京外国语大学新闻学院展江教授：第一，林某和没有与报社的矛盾，只是出于无聊而制造乐子，当然这是不对的，但属于道德范畴；第二，林某和搞笑的对象是媒体，媒体有发声渠道可以澄清；第三，即便要打官司，民事诽谤诉讼足以。一个有点过分的玩笑，应予以批评而不是拘留。

装扮得很像样的人，在像样的地方出现，看见同类，也被看见，这就是社交。

你在南方的艳阳里大雪纷飞，我在北方的寒夜里四季如春

Although personally against equal marriage rights, former Australian prime minister says parliament should respect the people’s decision

The former prime minister Tony Abbott says he will support the result of a plebiscite on same-sex marriage.

Fresh from addressing a conservative US lobby group, Abbott said parliament should respect the people’s decision, whatever it is.

wo Minute Newscast - January 30, 2016
Two Minutes of the latest news from around the world.

1h
Child cancer study finds proton therapy has fewer harsh side effects

The 33 2015 BRRip XviD AC3-iFT

如何看待2016年1月25日南邮计算机院研究生跳楼？[知乎] 1d
由 latexstudio 通过 LaTeX 工作室
有人说LaTeX躺枪了，希望我们的老师自己能够通，传道给自己的学生，强迫学习是中国很多知识传递的习惯方式了。LaTeX也很无辜啊，用的好才是好，工具不是最重要的部分，态度和内在兴趣驱动创新才是最重要的。逝者安息！





节选如下：

著作权归作者所有。
商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
作者：匿名用户
链接：https://www.zhihu.com/question/39832857/answer/83489142
来源：知乎学术不作为
研三的任务就是写论文，写科研工作汇报，必须用LaTeX写正文，用NoteExpress写参考文献，很多时间都花在了学这些软件上面。为了提高所谓的科研质量，张教授写了一篇无厘头的《研究生科研工作纲要》，要求我们熟练背诵并安排了科研纲要闭卷考试，题目很极品，比如填空题“导师给你们打电话若因___，在看到__必须__、导师给你们发的所有邮件都必须__”。但是真正的学术方面，他给予的指导只能说略大于零吧。

选自：https://www.zhihu.com/question/39832857/answer/83489142

[2016-1-30]Merkel Under Pressure After Migrant Influx
BERLIN— German Chancellor Angela Merkel is facing mounting political pressure over the number of migrants arriving in her country — with regional authorities demanding that Berlin provide more resou...

Muslim worshippers ran in panic after attackers set off bombs and fired shots in a mosque in Saudi Arabia. Five died and 18 others were wounded. Attackers wore suicide belts and carried assault...

FirstFuel Software: Data Scientists, Senior/Junior positions
Developing and deploying the core statistical/machine learning algorithms with the Research group; coding these algorithms in production quality software with the engineering team.

Data ScienceTech Institute, online (off-campus) education, starting March 2016
Data ScienceTech Institute announces the upcoming online education, allowing off-campus education in its programs MSc Data Scientist Designer and MSc Executive Big Data Analyst.

4h
Academic/Research positions in Business Analytics, Data Science, Machine Learning in

The rise of Apple & Google smartphone payments, peer to peer lenders, and new Fintech start ups present challenges to traditional banks. Banks an fight back with better leveraging their data, but they need to understand how to use to better understand its customers and beat the new boys.

Converging evidence suggests that common complex diseases with the same or similar clinical manifestations could have different underlying genetic etiologies. While current research interests have shifted toward uncovering rare variants and structural variations predisposing to human diseases, the impact of heterogeneity in genetic studies of complex diseases has been largely overlooked. Most of the existing statistical methods assume the disease under investigation has a homogeneous genetic effect and could, therefore, have low power if the disease undergoes heterogeneous pathophysiological and etiological processes. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneity-weighted U (HWU) method for association analyses considering genetic heterogeneity. HWU can be applied to various types of phenotypes (e.g., binary and continuous) and is computationally efficient for high-dimensional genetic data. Through simulations, we showed the advantage of HWU when the underlying genetic etiology of a disease was heterogeneous, as well as the robustness of HWU against different model assumptions (e.g., phenotype distributions). Using HWU, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of nicotine dependence from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environments dataset. The genome-wide analysis of nearly one million genetic markers took 7h, identifying heterogeneous effects of two new genes (i.e., CYP3A5 and IKBKB) on nicotine dependence. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

replace d92=2 if (Q92<=29)&(Q92 >25)

sts test d92, logrank