以下是本人总结的关于英语写作的心得，如果能对别人有所帮助则不胜荣幸。

 

 

 

英语写作注意要点

第一部分翻译

翻译整篇文章时，可视为给定情境作文，要注意文体（比如是否为应用文如信件、通告等）。审题时要确定全篇的语气、时态，注意给定的情境。

 

第二部分写作

一、            篇章结构

词——句——段落——文章

a\词：选词意义明晰，准确达意，语法正确并符合表达习惯。

 

b\句：完整性(意思、结构均完整)、连贯性（句子各部分之间意义、结构上的连贯）、清晰度（突出句子的主要意思）。

 

c\段落：演绎顺序是英语段落展开的最常见方式。主题句--一系列细节支持--重申主题。因果法、例证法、对比和对照法等一般属于演绎顺序展开段落的范畴。

 

d\文章：主题段（引出全文主题）--主体段（展开说明）--结论段（总结全文思想，呼应主题段）。

 

 

二、            段落结构

a/段落：

主题句：点出段落主旨 。 原则：“一个段落，一个主题。”有简单句会略显单薄，最好用复合句。

扩展句：说明主题句或为之提供论证。

结论句：总结、归纳、概括主题句所点出的主旨。

主体段结构的演绎顺序：主题句(概括)——主要支持句（具体展开），次要支持句（更具体展开）——主要支持句（具体展开），次要支持句（更具体展开）……………………——结论句（概况句，呼应主题句）。

 

b/主题句特征：

概括性句子必须包含段落所要谈论的主体和这个主体的某一个所谈论的方面。因此，主题句应意义明晰，内容集中，措辞洗练，应包含提纲和关键词或其同义词语。这是一个很重要的原则。一个段落思想统一，只有一个中心，及主题句所概括的内容。

 

c/过渡词：

过渡词，句与句，段落与段落之间的过渡词。是关系指引词，一般为副词，或起副词作用的短语。此外，代词、连词、上下文同义词等也可做过渡词。使文章的启承转合融会贯通，联成一体。

 

d/段落句型：英文写作中很忌讳重复，长度类似、结构相同的句型，因此在写作时要善于交替使用简单句、并列句、复合句与并列复合句，并注意穿插的使用掉尾句、倒装句、平衡句等，是促成语篇有效表达的关键。

 

 

三、给定题目写作作文评分一般角度

a/文章结构：合理布局每个段落，力求简明扼要。

b/表达清晰度：合理使用过渡词，使短文在逻辑上连成一体。

c/用词宽度：要使用准确性有把握的词语、词汇、成语和句型。

d/语法准确度：正确使用标点符号，要避免残句和融合句。要注意字母大小写，正确运用修饰语，注意修饰语的位置。

 

 

四、过渡词的总结

恰当过渡：过渡大都靠过渡词完成，其既可表示要点和侧重点的转移、变化，同时又可表示他们之间的联系。

 

a/过渡词类别（按详细作用分）：

附加或递进：also, and,too, in addition, moreover, furthermore, equally important, another, first, second, for one thing……for other .

时间顺序：now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, meanwhile, gradually, suddenly, finally, previously, often, eventually.

空间排列：near, near to, nearly, far, far from, beside, in front of,  next to, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, around, surrounding, on one side……on the other side, inside, outside, across, opposite to, far off, behind, alongside, there.

比较：in the same way, similarly, like, just like,as,  just as, in like manner, likewise, in(by) comparison, by contrast, oppositely.

对照：but, still, however, on the one hand……on the other hand, yet, on the contrary,  nevertheless, despite, in spite of.

因果关系：because, because of……, since, so, for, therefore, thus,  hence, owing to, due to, due to the fact that, on account of, on that account, on the ground of, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, for this reason, as a result, as a result of, it follows that.

目的：for……purpose, so that……, in order that…….

强调：indeed, in fact, surely, undoubtedly, without a doubt, certainly, truly, to be sure.

解释：for example, for instance, as an illustration, specifically, to be specific,  in particular.

澄清和总结：in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, in other words, all in all, that is.

让步：although, even though, true……but……, granted(that), admittedly.

悬垂修饰语：Speaking of……； Generally speaking,…… ；Judging from(by)……,；Considering……； Taking everything into consideration,……；to tell the truth,; To speak frankly,; To sum up；

 

b/过渡词类别（按照过渡作用分）

启：first, firstly, first of all, at first, in the first place, to begin with, in the beginning, to start with, recently, in recent years, now, at present, currently,  lately, for one thing, on the one hand, in general, generally speaking, obviously, undoubtedly.

承：second, secondly, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, as an example, as another example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, in deed, still, third, thirdly, truly, in fact, in plain terms=simply speaking, in practice, for the most part(基本上), at the same time, no doubt, not only……but also, likewise, as an illustration, for another example, as a case in point, such as, also, too, in the same way, after that, afterwards, after a few days, after a while, frow now on, later, just as, meanwhile, by this time, soon, consequently, of course, for this purpose, equally important, first next then last, one two three……, for one thing for another thing.

转：however, yet, instead,  otherwise, or, or else,  on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate, conversely, nevertherless, nonetheless, while……, whereas……, but, despite……, in spite of……, after all, though, still,  although, unlike, all the same(但是), unfortunately, in fact, as a matter of fact.

合：consequently, as a consequence, therefore, thus, as a result, above all=most important, after all, Generally speaking, in general, finally, at last, eventually, hence, in short, in a word, in sum, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to summarize, briefly, for this reason, as has been noted, as I have said, at length, by and large,  accordingly, to conclude, in conclusion,  so.