我觉得楼上回答的不对。outlier是离群值,针对观察值而言,而leverage可以看做确定数据outlying程度的统计量。抄录一段wiki:
In linear regression model, the leverage score for the i^{th} data unit is defined as:
h_{ii}=(H)_{ii}
the i^{th} diagonal of the hat matrix H=X(X'X)^{-1}X', where the apostrophe denotes the matrix transpose.