英文文献：Economics of Harvesting and Marketing Selected Indigenous Fruits in Mwingi District, Kenya-肯尼亚Mwingi区精选本土水果的收获和销售经济学
英文文献作者：Mwema, C. M.,Lagat, J.K.,Mutai, B. K.
英文文献摘要：
Constant droughts especially in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) have led to recurrent crop failures and livestock losses. Households have therefore resulted to other alternatives which can provide both food and income. Trade in indigenous fruits contributes to livelihoods through income generation and as a safety net for consumption and income smoothing. This paper presents the analysis of economic returns from harvesting and marketing indigenous fruits and the socio economic factors that influence participation in trade of indigenous fruits. The results are based on a survey conducted in Nuu division, Mwingi District, where 120 randomly selected households were interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Logistic regression model, Gross Margin Analysis, and Benefit cost ratios were used during the analysis. Data was processed and analyzed using SPSS20. The Gross margins depicted harvesting of indigenous fruits for trade as a profitable venture. High benefit cost ratios of greater than 3.0 were reported in all the three fruits under study. Higher returns to labour and other associated costs were notably reported in the distant market as compared to the local market. The analysis of socioeconomic factors influencing participation in indigenous fruits’ trade identified household size, gender, form of employment and market distance to be significant variables. Respectively, market distance and household size negatively and positively influenced participation in harvesting indigenous fruits for trade. The female headed households and low income earners were more likely to participate in trade of indigenous fruits.

特别是在干旱和半干旱地区(ASAL)的持续干旱导致农作物一再歉收和牲畜一再损失。因此，家庭产生了能够提供粮食和收入的其他选择。土著水果贸易通过创造收入，并作为消费和稳定收入的安全网，对生计作出贡献。本文分析了本土水果采收和销售的经济收益以及影响本土水果贸易参与的社会经济因素。结果是基于在Mwingi区Nuu区进行的一项调查，随机选取120户家庭使用预测试的半结构化问卷进行访问。分析中使用了Logistic回归模型、毛利率分析和效益成本比。使用SPSS20对数据进行处理和分析。毛利率将收获本地水果进行贸易描述为一项有利可图的冒险。三种研究成果的效益成本比均大于3.0。远地市场的劳动力和其他相关成本的回报明显高于当地市场。对影响参与本地水果贸易的社会经济因素的分析发现，家庭规模、性别、就业形式和市场距离是重要的变量。市场距离和家庭规模分别对参与采集本地水果进行贸易产生消极和积极的影响。女性户主家庭和低收入者更有可能参与本地水果贸易。