英文文献：Assessment of the influence of attitude and benefit-risk perceptions on yield variability among smallholder peri-urban commercial kale farmers in Wangige, Kenya-评估态度和利益风险认知对肯尼亚Wangige城市周边商业甘蓝小农户产量变异的影响
英文文献作者：Shikuku, Kelvin M.,Largerkvist, Carl Johan,Okello, Julius J.,Karanja, Nancy,Ackello-Ogutu, Chris
英文文献摘要：
Declining soil fertility largely explains the gap between actual and potential yield among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the relationship between yield variability in smallholder commercial kale (Brasica oleracea) production in Kenya and farmers’ attitudes for integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) as well as the relationship to a domain-specific risk-benefit preference scale. Data was collected from 125 peri-urban commercial kale farmers through personal interviews conducted by trained enumerators using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results of ordinary least squares regression indicate that farmers with strong attitudes in favour of ISFM experience decreased variability in yields. A significant negative relationship was observed between farmers expectation of benefits associated with soil fertility management technologies and yield variability. Farmers’ risk perception associated with the use of nonconventional soil fertility management practices, particularly the use of human faecal manure, increase variability in yields. However, risk perception associated with the use of conventional soil fertility management practices including application of animal manure, chemical fertilizers, crop rotation and use of crop residues significantly reduce yield variability. Individual farmers base their choice of ISFM practices on their assessment of both risks and benefits. It is argued, therefore, that in order to scale-up adoption of ISFM, policy should focus on increasing farmers’ access to information on the benefits associated with the practices while improving farmers’ perceptions of the risks associated with the use of non-conventional technologies such as human faecal manure by addressing farmers’ health concerns.

土壤肥力下降在很大程度上解释了撒哈拉以南非洲小农实际产量和潜在产量之间的差距。本研究调查了肯尼亚小型商业甘蓝(Brasica oleracea)生产的产量变异与农民对土壤肥力综合管理(ISFM)的态度之间的关系，以及与特定领域的风险-利益偏好尺度之间的关系。数据由经过培训的调查员使用预先测试的问卷对125名城市周边的商业羽衣甘蓝种植者进行个人访谈收集。普通最小二乘回归结果表明，强烈支持ISFM的农民在产量上的变异性降低。农民对土壤肥力管理技术的预期收益与产量变异性之间存在显著的负相关关系。农民的风险认知与使用非常规土壤肥力管理措施有关，特别是使用人类粪便，增加了产量的可变性。然而，与使用常规土壤肥力管理措施有关的风险认识，包括施用动物粪肥、化肥、轮作和使用作物残茬，大大降低了产量的可变性。个别农民根据其对风险和利益的评估来选择ISFM做法。因此,有人认为,为了扩大采用ISFM,政策应该把重点放在增加农民的信息获取与实践相关的好处而改善农民的认知与使用相关的风险的人类粪便肥料等非常规技术解决农民的健康问题。