英文文献：The Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) and its Impacts on marketed crops: Data Analysis of the Kano-Katsina-Maradi Pilot Learning Site-综合农业研究促进发展(IAR4D)及其对上市作物的影响:卡诺-卡辛纳-马拉迪试点学习站点的数据分析
英文文献作者：Olarinde, Luke O.,Ayanwale, Adeolu B.,Oladunni, Olufemi A.,Nokoe, Kaku S.,Adekunle, Adewale A.,Fatunbi, Oluwole
英文文献摘要：
Several attempts have been made by various governmental, non-governmental and international organisations to address agricultural related challenges in the sub-Saharan African region, but without any meaningful positive impact. In recent time however, FARA came up with a new research paradigm known as the IAR4D (which has now been tested to be a potent instrument to be used in addressing these challenges. This study is therefore conceived to among other things; evaluate the impact of the IAR4D on marketed crop outcomes, making use of the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method of imapct Assessment. The PSM in this study makes use of the counterfactual framework via the IAR4D’s Innovation Platforms. Average marketed values of cereals of the treated (IAR4D farmers) sample due to participation in the IP activities based on the PSM (ATT) was $ 249 (p<5%), for legumes, $ 192 (p<1%) and for fruits/vegetables, $ 229 (p<5%). These values are indication of the impact of the IAR4D intervention on the marketed crop outcomes. This suggests that, agricultural research and intervention programmes that make use of innovation systems approach such as the IAR4D’ Innovation Platforms have a stong positive impact on marketed crop outcomes and therefore have a better potential of having much stronger and positive impact on other livelihood outcomes.

各种政府、非政府组织和国际组织为解决撒哈拉以南非洲地区的农业相关挑战进行了多次尝试，但没有产生任何有意义的积极影响。然而，最近FARA提出了一种新的研究范式，即IAR4D(现在已经被测试为解决这些挑战的有效工具)。因此，这项研究的目的之一是;利用imapct评估的倾向评分匹配(PSM)方法，评估IAR4D对上市作物收成的影响。本研究的PSM通过IAR4D的创新平台利用了反事实框架。基于PSM (ATT)的知识产权活动，经过处理的(IAR4D农民)样本谷物的平均市场价值为249美元(p<5%)，豆类为192美元(p<1%)，水果/蔬菜为229美元(p<5%)。这些数值表明IAR4D干预对市场作物收成的影响。这表明，利用创新系统方法(如IAR4D的创新平台)的农业研究和干预项目，对已上市的作物产出具有显著的积极影响，因此有更好的潜力对其他生计成果产生更强的积极影响。