TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 551: Performance Measures and Targets for Transportation Asset Management describes the research effort associated with production of the report and provides the current state of practice on the use of performance measures, principally in the context of transportation asset management. In addition, the report introduces a framework for identifying performance measures and setting target values. The report appendixes contain examples of performance measures and targets. The report is designed to help transportation agencies apply the concepts of performance management to their asset management efforts.