<p>The creation of new knowledge frequently involves large fixed set-up costs and such activities often requires the division of highly specialized labour. <font color="#ff0000">Since technology is discrete, it cannot be sold in small units, thus marginal costs are generally driven below average costs</font>, which make marginal cost pricing economically unviable.<font color="#ff0000"> Furthermore, there is a tendency towards monopolization of such markets.</font></p><p><font color="#ff0000"></font></p><p><font color="#000000">看不明白红色的话，为什么marginal costs lower than average costs ？ 就是因为large fixed costs</font><font color="#000000"> 么？而且</font><font color="#000000"><font size="2">why this toward to monopolization?</font></font></p><p><font size="2"></font></p><p><font size="2">谢谢大家！</font></p>