The Grammar of Graphics (PDF，非扫描)

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收藏 2009-01-02

Springer&nbsp; Statistics and Computing系列，2005年The Grammar of Graphics&nbsp; by Leland WilkinsonSecond EditionPreface ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Graphics Versus Charts ...........................................................................2 1.2 Object-Oriented Design ..........................................................................3 1.3 An Object-Oriented Graphics System .....................................................6 1.4 An Example .............................................................................................8 1.5 What This Book Is Not .........................................................................13 1.6 Background ...........................................................................................18 1.7 Sequel ....................................................................................................18 Part I 21 2 How To Make a Pie 23 2.1 Definitions .............................................................................................25 2.2 Recipe ....................................................................................................31 2.3 Notation .................................................................................................38 2.4 Sequel ....................................................................................................40 3 Data 41 3.1 Data Functions ......................................................................................42 3.2 Empirical Data ......................................................................................44 3.3 Abstract Data .........................................................................................48 3.4 Metadata ................................................................................................51 3.5 Data Mining ..........................................................................................51 3.6 Sequel ....................................................................................................54 4 Variables 55 4.1 Transforms ............................................................................................56 4.2 Examples ...............................................................................................57 4.3 Sequel ....................................................................................................615 Algebra 63 5.1 Syntax ....................................................................................................63 5.2 Examples ...............................................................................................73 5.3 Other Algebras ......................................................................................80 5.4 Sequel ....................................................................................................83 6 Scales 85 6.1 Scaling Theory ......................................................................................85 6.2 Scale Transformations ...........................................................................93 6.3 Sequel ..................................................................................................109 7 Statistics 111 7.1 Methods ...............................................................................................113 7.2 Examples .............................................................................................123 7.3 Summary .............................................................................................152 7.4 Sequel ..................................................................................................154 8 Geometry 155 8.1 Examples .............................................................................................158 8.2 Summary .............................................................................................177 8.3 Sequel ..................................................................................................178 9 Coordinates 179 9.1 Transformations of the Plane ..............................................................180 9.2 Projections onto the Plane ...................................................................227 9.3 3D Coordinate Systems .......................................................................244 9.4 High-Dimensional Spaces ...................................................................248 9.5 Tools and Coordinates ........................................................................253 9.6 Sequel ..................................................................................................254 10 Aesthetics 255 10.1 Continuous Scales .............................................................................256 10.2 Categorical Scales .............................................................................261 10.3 Dimensions ........................................................................................265 10.4 Realism ..............................................................................................270 10.5 Aesthetic Attributes ...........................................................................274 10.6 Examples ...........................................................................................293 10.7 Summary ...........................................................................................316 10.8 Sequel ................................................................................................31811 Facets 319 11.1 Facet Specification ............................................................................319 11.2 Algebra of Facets ..............................................................................320 11.3 Examples ...........................................................................................327 11.4 Sequel ................................................................................................345 12 Guides 347 12.1 Scale Guides ......................................................................................348 12.2 Annotation Guides ............................................................................352 12.3 Sequel ................................................................................................356 Part 2 357 13 Space 359 13.1 Mathematical Space ..........................................................................363 13.2 Psychological Space ..........................................................................378 13.3 Graphing Space .................................................................................381 13.4 Sequel ................................................................................................405 14 Time 407 14.1 Mathematics of Time ........................................................................408 14.2 Psychology of Time ..........................................................................424 14.3 Graphing Time ..................................................................................427 14.4 Sequel ................................................................................................449 15 Uncertainty 451 15.1 Mathematics of Uncertainty ..............................................................451 15.2 Psychology of Uncertainty ................................................................466 15.3 Graphing Uncertainty ........................................................................468 15.4 Sequel ................................................................................................488 16 Analysis 489 16.1 Variance Analysis .............................................................................490 16.2 Shape Analysis ..................................................................................496 16.3 Graph Drawing. .................................................................................500 16.4 Sequence Analysis ............................................................................505 16.5 Pattern Analysis ................................................................................517 16.6 Sequel ................................................................................................533 17 Control 535 17.1 Building .............................................................................................535 17.2 Exploring ...........................................................................................552 17.3 Sequel ................................................................................................57718 Automation 579 18.1 Graphics Production Language .........................................................580 18.2 Visualization Markup Language .......................................................589 18.3 Summary ...........................................................................................608 18.4 Sequel ................................................................................................609 19 Reader 611 19.1 The Problem ......................................................................................612 19.2 A Psychological Reader Model .........................................................614 19.3 A Graphics Grammar Reader Model ................................................617 19.4 Research ............................................................................................622 19.5 Sequel ................................................................................................622 20 Coda 623 20.1 Napoleon’s March .............................................................................623 20.2 Monarch Butterfly Migration ............................................................629 20.3 Conclusion ........................................................................................632 20.4 Sequel ................................................................................................634