PROBLEMS (Chapter 8)

1.  Explain the likely effect of each of the following on the present value of net benefits from migration: (a) age, (b) distance, (c) education, (d)discount rate

2.  Is there a difference between the private gains to migration and the family’s gains to migration? Discuss how this difference generates tied stayers and tied movers.

3.  Suppose that a worker’s skills can be summarized by the number of efficiency units she owns, and that the distribution of efficiency units in the population is such that worker 1 has 1 efficiency unit, worker 2 has 2 efficiency units, and so on. There are 100 workers in the population of Neolandia. In deciding whether to migrate to the United States, Neolandians compare their weekly earnings at home (W0) with their potential earnings in the United States (Wus). The wage-skills relationship in each of the two countries is given by:W0=700+0.5s, Wus=670+s, where s gives the number of efficiency units that the worker has.
(a) Assume that there are no migration costs. What is the minimum number of efficiency units among immigrants? Is the immigrant flow positively or negatively selected?
(b) Suppose that it costs $10 to migrate from Neolandia to the United States. What is the minimum number of efficiency units among immigrants?

4.  Define the immigration surplus with a figure, and discuss how it can be calculated. Is there an income redistribution resulting from immigration?  

5.  If one believes in free international trade, then to be consistent, must one also advocate unrestricted migration of labor?  Analyze this statement: “U.S. tariffs on imported products from low-wage foreign nations create an incentive for migration of low-skilled immigrants into the United States.”

6.  How might labor mobility and migration affect the degree of monopsony power (chapter 4) in labor markets?

7.  Is it consistence to favor the free movement of labor within the United States and be opposed to immigration into the United States?  

8. Suppose a worker with an annual discount rate of 10 percent currently resides in Pennsylvania and is deciding whether to remain there or to move to Illinois. There are three work periods left in the life cycle. If the worker remains in Pennsylvania, he will earn $20,000 in each of the three periods. If the worker moves to Illinois, he will earn $22,000 in each of the three periods. What is the highest cost of migration that a worker is willing to incur and still make the move?

9. 收集有关数据，分析我国改革开放以来农村外出劳动力的数量变动情况，他们是暂时迁移还是永久迁移？家庭迁移是否普遍？  

10. 影响中国农村剩余劳动力外出就业的因素有哪些？