<p>1 . 标题：Confounding in epidemiologic studies: the Adequacy of the control groups as a measure of </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; confounding</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 作者：Wickramaratne,P.J.and Holford,T.R.(1987)</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 出版社：Biometrics</p><p>2&nbsp;.标题：Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 作者：Rubin,D.B.(1974)</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 出版社：J.Educ.Psychol</p><p>3&nbsp;.标题：Statistics and causal inference (with discussion)</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 作者：Holland,P.W.(1986)</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 出版社：J.R. Statist.Ass.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 电子链接：<a href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/2289064">http://www.jstor.org/pss/2289064</a></p><p>4&nbsp;.标题：Standardization of risk ratios</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 作者：Miettinen,O.S.(1972)</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 出版社：Am.J.Epidem.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 电子链接：<a href="http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/96/6/383">http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/96/6/383</a></p><p>5&nbsp;.标题：&nbsp;Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 作者：Kleinbaum,D.G.,Kupper,L.L.and Morgenstern,H.(1982)</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 出版社：New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold</p>

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