CONTENTS
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ix
PART I: INTRODUCTION
REAL OPTIONS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Tony W. Tong and Jeffrey J. Reuer 3
PART II: ADVANCES IN REAL OPTIONS
RESEARCH IN STRATEGY
REAL OPTIONS: TAKING STOCK AND LOOKING
AHEAD
Yong Li, Barclay E. James, Ravi Madhavan and
Joseph T. Mahoney
31
REAL OPTIONS THEORY AND INTERNATIONAL
STRATEGY: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Jing Li 67
JOINT VENTURES AND REAL OPTIONS: AN
INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE
Ilya R. P. Cuypers and Xavier Martin 103
HOW DO REAL OPTIONS MATTER? EMPIRICAL
RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS AND
FIRM PERFORMANCE
Jeffrey J. Reuer and Tony W. Tong 145
v

PART III: REAL OPTIONS AND STRATEGIC
INVESTMENT DECISIONS
STRATEGIC GROWTH OPTIONS IN NETWORK
INDUSTRIES
Lihui Lin and Nalin Kulatilaka 177
MARKET VERSUS MANAGERIAL VALUATIONS OF
REAL OPTIONS
Timothy B. Folta and Jonathan P. O’Brien 199
DEFERRAL AND GROWTH OPTIONS UNDER
SEQUENTIAL INNOVATION
Michael J. Leiblein and Arvids A. Ziedonis 225
BUSINESS METHOD PATENTS AS REAL OPTIONS:
VALUE AND DISCLOSURE AS DRIVERS OF
LITIGATION
Atul Nerkar, Srikanth Paruchuri and Mukti Khaire 247
MANAGING A PORTFOLIO OF REAL OPTIONS
Jaideep Anand, Raffaele Oriani and
Roberto S. Vassolo
275
PART IV: ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGERIAL
DIMENSIONS OF REAL OPTIONS
CAPABILITIES, REAL OPTIONS, AND THE
RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROCESS
Catherine A. Maritan and Todd M. Alessandri 307
REAL OPTIONS MEET ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY:
COPING WITH PATH DEPENDENCIES, AGENCY
COSTS, AND ORGANIZATIONAL FORM
Russell W. Coff and Kevin J. Laverty 333

REAL OPTIONS AND RESOURCE REALLOCATION
PROCESSES
Ron Adner 363
WHY INVEST IN FIRM-SPECIFIC HUMAN CAPITAL?
A REAL OPTIONS VIEW OF EMPLOYMENT
CONTRACTS
Todd Fister and Anju Seth 373
PART V: PERFORMANCE IMPLICATIONS
OF REAL OPTIONS
AN EXAMINATION OF OPTIONS EMBEDDED IN A
FIRM’S PATENTS: THE VALUE OF DISPERSION IN
CITATIONS
Tailan Chi and Edward Levitas 405
TECHNOLOGY SWITCHING OPTION AND THE
MARKET VALUE OF THE FIRM: A MODEL AND
AN EMPIRICAL TEST
Raffaele Oriani 429
STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF VALUATION:
EVIDENCE FROM VALUING GROWTH OPTIONS
Todd M. Alessandri, Diane M. Lander and
Richard A. Bettis
459
AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF MANAGEMENT
OF REAL OPTIONS IN THE U.S. VENTURE CAPITAL
INDUSTRY
Isin Guler 485