<p>我正在看一篇论文，对其中的一个标准化程序看不懂．望高手指点．</p><p>他要把panel data中的每一个变量（除了时间和虚拟变量）通过各自的sample mean进行标准化．你可以选择其中任何一年，使得所有变量在这一年都等于１．我把原文中的两段话贴出来，我实在没想通到底怎么做．</p><p>C＊(P,Z, q)=min {P.X:f (X,Z)≥q,X≥0},</p><p>Let X＊=(P ＊，Z＊，q＊）denote the<br/>chosen normalization point. We scale the prices, state of nature variables,<br/>and output (but not the time and dummy variables) such that they are<br/>equal to one at X＊．</p><p>In our original estimation of the translog cost function, all variables, except the dummies<br/>and time variables, were normalized by their respective sample means.</p>