徽章问题

在1994年的“机器学习与计算学习理论”的国际会议上，参加会议的280名代表都收到会议组织者发给的一枚徽章，徽章的标记为“＋”或“－”（参加会议的名单及得到的徽章见附表）。会议的组织者声明：每位代表得到徽章“＋”或“－”的标记只与他们的姓名有关，并希望代表们能够找出徽章“＋”与“－”的分类方法。

1.    请你帮助参加会议的代表找出徽章的分类方法；

2.    对你的分类方法进行分析，如分类的理由、分类的正确与错误率等；

3.    由于客观原因，有１４名代表（见附表）没能参加此次会议。按照你的方法，如果他们参加会议，他们将得到什么类型的徽章？

 

附表１：参加会议的名单及得到的徽章

+ Naoki Abe                   - Myriam Abramson               + David W. Aha

+ Kamal M. Ali                - Eric Allender                 + Dana Angluin

- Chidanand Apte              + Minoru Asada                  + Lars Asker

+ Javed Aslam                 + Haralabos Athanassiou         + Jose L. Balcazar

+ Timothy P. Barber           + Michael W. Barley             - Cristina Baroglio

+ Peter Bartlett              - Eric Baum                     + Welton Becket

- Shai Ben-David              + George Berg                   + Neil Berkman

+ Malini Bhandaru             + Bir Bhanu                     + Reinhard Blasig

- Avrim Blum                  - Anselm Blumer                 + Justin Boyan

+ Carla E. Brodley            + Nader Bshouty                 - Wray Buntine

- Andrey Burago               + Tom Bylander                  + Bill Byrne

- Claire Cardie               + Richard A. Caruana            + John Case

+ Jason Catlett               + Nicolo Cesa-Bianchi           - Philip Chan

+ Mark Changizi               + Pang-Chieh Chen               - Zhixiang Chen

+ Wan P. Chiang               - Steve A. Chien                + Jeffery Clouse

+ William Cohen               + David Cohn                    - Clare Bates Congdon

- Antoine Cornuejols          + Mark W. Craven                + Robert P. Daley

+ Lindley Darden              - Chris Darken                  - Bhaskar Dasgupta

- Brian D. Davidson           + Michael de la Maza            - Olivier De Vel

- Scott E. Decatur            + Gerald F. DeJong              + Kan Deng

- Thomas G. Dietterich        + Michael J. Donahue            + George A. Drastal

+ Harris Drucker              - Chris Drummond                + Hal Duncan

- Thomas Ellman               + Tapio Elomaa                  + Susan L. Epstein

+ Bob Evans                   - Claudio Facchinetti           + Tom Fawcett

- Usama Fayyad                + Aaron Feigelson               + Nicolas Fiechter

+ David Finton                + John Fischer                  + Paul Fischer

+ Seth Flanders               + Lance Fortnow                 - Ameur Foued

+ Judy A. Franklin            + Yoav Freund                   + Johannes Furnkranz

+ Leslie Grate                + William A. Greene             + Russell Greiner

+ Marko Grobelnik             + Tal Grossman                  + Margo Guertin

+ Tom Hancock                 + Earl S. Harris Jr.            + David Haussler

+ Matthias Heger              + Lisa Hellerstein              + David Helmbold

+ Daniel Hennessy             + Haym Hirsh                    + Jonathan Hodgson

+ Robert C. Holte             + Jiarong Hong                  - Chun-Nan Hsu

+ Kazushi Ikeda               + Masayuki Inaba                - Drago Indjic

+ Nitin Indurkhya             + Jeff Jackson                  + Sanjay Jain

+ Wolfgang Janko              - Klaus P. Jantke               + Nathalie Japkowicz

+ George H. John              + Randolph Jones                + Michael I. Jordan

+ Leslie Pack Kaelbling       + Bala Kalyanasundaram          - Thomas E. Kammeyer

- Grigoris Karakoulas         + Michael Kearns                + Neela Khan

+ Roni Khardon                + Dennis F. Kibler              + Jorg-Uwe Kietz

- Efim Kinber                 - Jyrki Kivinen                 - Emanuel Knill

- Craig Knoblock              + Ron Kohavi                    + Pascal Koiran

+ Moshe Koppel                + Daniel Kortenkamp             + Matevz Kovacic

- Stefan Kramer               + Martinch Krikis               + Martin Kummer

- Eyal Kushilevitz            - Stephen Kwek                  + Wai Lam

+ Ken Lang                    - Steffen Lange                 + Pat Langley

+ Mary Soon Lee               + Wee Sun Lee                   + Moshe Leshno

+ Long-Ji Lin                 - Charles X. Ling               + Michael Littman

+ David Loewenstern           - Phil Long                     + Wolfgang Maass

- Bruce A. MacDonald          + Rich Maclin                   - Sridhar Mahadevan

- J. Jeffrey Mahoney          + Yishay Mansour                + Mario Marchand

- Shaul Markovitch            - Oded Maron                    + Maja Mataric

+ David Mathias               + Toshiyasu Matsushima          - Stan Matwin

- Eddy Mayoraz                - R. Andrew McCallum            - L. Thorne McCarty

- Alexander M. Meystel        + Michael A. Meystel            - Steven Minton

+ Nina Mishra                 + Tom M. Mitchell               + Dunja Mladenic

+ David Montgomery            - Andrew W. Moore               + Johanne Morin

+ Hiroshi Motoda              - Stephen Muggleton             + Patrick M. Murphy

- Sreerama K. Murthy          + Filippo Neri                  - Craig Nevill-Manning

- Andrew Y. Ng                + Nikolay Nikolaev              - Steven W. Norton

+ Joseph O'Sullivan           + Dan Oblinger                  + Jong-Hoon Oh

- Arlindo Oliveira            + David W. Opitz                + Sandra Panizza

+ Barak A. Pearlmutter        - Ed Pednault                   + Jing Peng

+ Fernando Pereira            + Aurora Perez                  + Bernhard Pfahringer

+ David Pierce                - Krishnan Pillaipakkamnatt     + Roberto Piola

+ Leonard Pitt                + Lorien Y. Pratt               - Armand Prieditis

+ Foster J. Provost           - J. R. Quinlan                 + John Rachlin

+ Vijay Raghavan              - R. Bharat Rao                 - Priscilla Rasmussen

+ Joel Ratsaby                + Michael Redmond               + Patricia J. Riddle

+ Lance Riley                 + Ronald L. Rivest              + Huw Roberts

+ Dana Ron                    + Robert S. Roos                + Justinian Rosca

+ John R. Rose                + Dan Roth                      + James S. Royer

+ Ronitt Rubinfeld            - Stuart Russell                + Lorenza Saitta

+ Yoshifumi Sakai             + William Sakas                 + Marcos Salganicoff

- Steven Salzberg             - Claude Sammut                 + Cullen Schaffer

+ Robert Schapire             + Mark Schwabacher              + Michele Sebag

+ Gary M. Selzer              + Sebastian Seung               - Arun Sharma

+ Jude Shavlik                + Daniel L. Silver              - Glenn Silverstein

+ Yoram Singer                + Mona Singh                    + Satinder Pal Singh

+ Kimmen Sjolander            + David B. Skalak               + Sean Slattery

+ Robert Sloan                + Donna Slonim                  + Carl H. Smith

+ Sonya Snedecor              + Von-Wun Soo                   - Thomas G. Spalthoff

+ Mark Staley                 - Frank Stephan                 + Mandayam T. Suraj

+ Richard S. Sutton           + Joe Suzuki                    - Prasad Tadepalli

+ Hiroshi Tanaka              - Irina Tchoumatchenko          - Brian Tester

- Chen K. Tham                + Tatsuo Unemi                  - Lyle H. Ungar

+ Paul Utgoff                 + Karsten Verbeurgt             + Paul Vitanyi

+ Xuemei Wang                 + Manfred Warmuth               + Gary Weiss

- Sholom Weiss                - Thomas Wengerek               - Bradley L. Whitehall

- Alma Whitten                + Robert Williamson             + Janusz Wnek

+ Kenji Yamanishi             + Takefumi Yamazaki             + Holly Yanco

+ John M. Zelle               - Thomas Zeugmann               + Jean-Daniel Zucker

+ Darko Zupanic

 

附表2：没能参加此次会议的名单

Merrick L. Furst　　　　　　　Jean Gabriel Ganascia　 　　　　William Gasarch

Ricard Gavalda　　　　　　　　Melinda T. Gervasio　　　 　　　Yolanda Gil

David Gillman　　　　　　　　 Attilio Giordana　　　　　　　　Kate Goelz

Paul W. Goldberg　　　　　　　Sally Goldman　　　　　　　 　　Diana Gordon

Geoffrey Gordon　　　　 　　　Jonathan Gratch

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

希望大家提供思路，并不一定必须用SAS解决，SPSS，或其他编程语言或者工具都可以，提供思路也感谢，谢拉