各位达人，行行好。

1)Briefly explain why increased goverment spending may put pressure on interest rates to increase.

不断增加政府支出需要很大一笔货币，即对货币需求产生压力，货币需求增加，如果货币供给不变的话，必然使得利率提高。
2)if there is an increase in the demand for money which threatens to increase the interest rates;what action does the Reserve Bank of Australia undertake to maintain the interest rate at the desired level?

澳大利亚储备银行是央行的话，如果利率提高，则增加货币供给就可以降低利率。想保持在一个如意的利率水平上，应该是采取公开市场操作的办法。

1)Briefly explain why increased goverment spending may put pressure on interest rates to increase.

政府增加支出屬於擴張性財政政策，在凱因斯的理論中，擴張性財政政策會使得IS曲線右移。IS右移之後，產出會增加、利率會上升。

2)if there is an increase in the demand for money which threatens to increase the interest rates;what action does the Reserve Bank of Australia undertake to maintain the interest rate at the desired level?

如果有一個外生因素影響了貨幣需求，使得貨幣需求增加，貨幣需求增加使得利率上升，為了不使利率上升，澳洲央行可以採取什麼樣的方法？

央行可以有自主的權力影響市場中的貨幣供給量，所以可以藉由擴張性貨幣政策，增加貨幣供給、或是調低存款準備率、或是在公開市場中買入債券、釋出貨幣，這樣就可以使實際貨幣供給曲線右移、LM曲線右移，達到控制的利率水準.