英文文献：Economies Of Scale And Scope, And The Economic Efficiency Of China'S Agricultural Research System-规模经济和范围经济，与中国农业研究体系的经济效率
英文文献作者：Jin, Songqing,Alston, Julian M.,Rozelle, Scott,Huang, Jikun
英文文献摘要：
Faced with the task of reorganizing the largest agricultural research system in the world, officials in China are developing a strategy for reform. This paper investigates economies of scale and scope and other potential sources of improvements in the economic efficiency of crop breeding, an industry at the heart of the nation's food economy. Using a panel data set covering 46 wheat and maize breeding institutes from 1981 to 2000, we estimate both single output and multiple output cost functions for the production of new varieties at China's wheat and maize breeding institutes. Our descriptive and analytical results indicate strong economies of scale, along with small to moderate economies of scope related to the joint production of new wheat and maize varieties. Cost efficiency increases significantly with increases in the breeders' educational status and with increases in access to genetic materials from outside the institute. Our results can help guide reformers in their efforts to increase the efficiency of China's crop breeding system.

面对重组世界上最大的农业研究体系的任务，中国官员正在制定改革战略。本文调查了规模经济和范围经济以及其他潜在的提高作物育种经济效率的来源，这是一个国家粮食经济的核心产业。利用覆盖46个小麦和玉米育种机构的1981年至2000年的面板数据集，我们估算了中国小麦和玉米育种机构新品种生产的单产量和多产量成本函数。我们的描述性和分析结果显示了强大的规模经济，以及与联合生产新的小麦和玉米品种相关的小到中等规模经济。随着育种者受教育程度的提高和从研究所外部获得遗传材料的机会的增加，成本效率显著提高。我们的研究结果可以帮助指导改革者努力提高中国作物育种系统的效率。