英文文献：Evidence And Implications Of Non-Tradability Of Food Staples In Tanzania 1983-1998-1983-1998年坦桑尼亚粮食不可交易性的证据和影响
英文文献作者：Delgado, Christopher L.,Minot, Nicholas,Tiongco, Marites M.
英文文献摘要：
Economic reform programs assume that major goods are tradable, such that depreciation of the real exchange rate raises the value of output compared to factor costs in domestic currency. In Tanzania, major food staples that account for most real income are non-tradables in at least one-quarter of the country. This is demonstrated and implications assessed for the constraints imposed on macroeconomic-led adjustment strategies

经济改革计划假定主要商品是可交易的，因此实际汇率的贬值提高了以本国货币计算的产出价值相对于要素成本的价值。在坦桑尼亚，占实际收入大部分的主要主食在该国至少四分之一的地区是不可贸易的。这一点得到了证明，并评估了对以宏观经济为主导的调整战略施加的限制的影响