英文文献：National and International Agricultural Research and Poverty: Findings in the case of wheat in China-国家和国际农业研究与贫困:在中国小麦案例中的发现
英文文献作者：Chan-Kang, Connie,Fan, Shenggen,Qian, Keming
英文文献摘要：
The objective of this paper is to assess the economic and poverty impact of wheat research in China and the contribution of CIMMYT. Our results show that wheat research conducted by China and CIMMYT contributed significantly to increases in wheat production in China. These research benefits amounted respectively to 1.1 billion and 6.1 billion US dollars (measured in 2000 constant price) in 1982 and 1998. These represent 11.9 to 22.7 percent of the total value of wheat production. The impact of CIMMYT breeding research through direct sowing or use as breeding material is not very significant in China. However, these results may mask important variations across provinces within China. Offspring of CIMMYT varieties are mostly planted in Southwestern and Southern China, and are also found in Northeastern and Northwestern China. More importantly, increases in wheat production from wheat varietal improvement research helped to reduce rural poverty in China. Our estimates show that the number of rural poor in China declined by 2.7 million in 1982 and by 1.7 million in 1998 as a result of wheat breeding research. These reductions represent 1.4 percent and 4 percent of the total number of rural poor in China in 1982 and 1998 respectively.

本文的目的是评估中国小麦研究对经济和贫困的影响以及国际小麦和小麦改良中心的贡献。我们的结果表明，中国和CIMMYT进行的小麦研究对中国小麦产量的增加做出了显著贡献。1982年和1998年的研究收益分别为11亿美元和61亿美元(按2000年不变价格计算)。这些作物占小麦生产总值的11.9%到22.7%。国际玉米改良中心通过直接播种或作为育种材料进行育种研究，在中国的影响不是很显著。然而，这些结果可能掩盖了中国各省之间的重要差异。CIMMYT品种的后代大多种植在中国的西南和南方，东北和西北也有发现。更重要的是，小麦品种改良研究增加了小麦产量，这有助于减少中国农村的贫困。我们的估计显示，由于小麦育种研究的结果，中国农村贫困人口在1982年减少了270万人，在1998年减少了170万人。在1982年和1998年，这两个数字分别占中国农村贫困人口总数的1.4%和4%。