英文文献：An Economy-Wide Analysis Of Gm Food Labeling Policies In Taiwan-台湾转基因食品标签政策之经济分析
英文文献作者：Chang, Ching-Cheng,Hsu, Shih-Hsun,Wu, Chia-Hsuan
英文文献摘要：
The development of agricultural biotechnology offers the opportunity to increase crop production, lowers farming costs, improves food quality and could reduce costs to consumers. For the food importing economies, the import quantities as well as prices will be affected through world market as the production technology of GM crops is adopted by the exporting countries. Many sectors will be affected by the use of these crops through vertical (or backward) and horizontal (or forward) linkages. The purpose of this paper is to develop an economy-wide quantitative assessment of the economic impacts of the introduction of GM products with and without labeling. The modeling framework used in this analysis is TAIGEM (Taiwan General Equilibrium Model), a multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Taiwan??s economy which is derived from ORANI model (Dixon, Parmenter, Sutton and Vincent, 1982). TAIGEM is amended by splitting corn and soybeans into GM and non-GM varieties. It also endogenizes the decision of producers and consumers to use GM vs. non-GM corn and soybeans in their intermediate uses and consumption, respectively. We also consider the consumers?? acceptance of GM food so that the mandatory labeling policy can be examined. Our simulation results indicate that the most extreme import ban on GM crops would be very costly in terms of total production values, ranging from NT$ 40 to 90 billions per year.

农业生物技术的发展提供了增加作物产量、降低农业成本、改善食品质量并可能降低消费者成本的机会。对于粮食进口国来说，由于转基因作物的生产技术被出口国采用，进口数量和价格将通过世界市场受到影响。通过垂直(或向后)和水平(或向前)联系使用这些作物，许多部门将受到影响。本文的目的是开发一个经济范围的定量评估的经济影响的转基因产品的引进和没有标签。本研究采用台湾一般均衡模型，由ORANI模型(Dixon, Parmenter, Sutton and Vincent, 1982)衍生出台湾经济的多部门可计算一般均衡模型(CGE)。TAIGEM将玉米和大豆分为转基因和非转基因品种。它还内化了生产者和消费者在中间用途和消费中分别使用转基因玉米和非转基因大豆的决定。我们还考虑消费者对转基因食品的接受程度，以便对强制标识政策进行检查。我们的模拟结果显示，即使对基改作物实施最极端的进口禁令，其生产总值也会非常昂贵，每年新台币400亿至900亿元不等。