Part I Editorial Introduction
1 The Networked Nature of R&D in a Spatial Context ........... 3
Thomas Scherngell
Part II Analytic Advances and Methodology
2 Network Formation and Geography: Modelling Approaches,
Underlying Conceptions, Recent and Promising Extensions ...... 15
Corinne Autant-Bernard and C ¸ ilem Selin Hazir
3 Recent Developments of Complex Network Analysis
in Spatial Planning ..................................... 29
Andrea De Montis, Simone Caschili, and Alessandro Chessa
4 Determinants of Cross-Regional R&D Collaboration Networks:
An Application of Exponential Random Graph Models ......... 49
Tom Broekel and Matte ′ Hartog
5 A Novel Comprehensive Index of Network Position and Node
Characteristics in Knowledge Networks: Ego Network Quality ... 71
Tama ′s Sebestye ′n and Attila Varga
6 Network Autocorrelation and Spatial Filtering ................ 99
Yongwan Chun
7 Assortativity and Hierarchy in Localized R&D Collaboration
Networks ............................................. 115
Joan Crespo, Raphae ¨l Suire, and Je ′ro ˆme Vicente

Part III Structure and Spatial Characteristics of R&D Networks
8 Observing Integration Processes in European R&D Networks:
A Comparative Spatial Interaction Approach Using Project
Based R&D Networks and Co-patent Networks ............... 131
Rafael Lata, Thomas Scherngell, and Thomas Brenner
9 The Community Structure of European R&D Collaboration ..... 151
Michael J. Barber and Thomas Scherngell
10 Determinants of International R&D Activities: Evidence
from a Gravity Model ................................... 175
Sandra Leitner, Robert Stehrer, and Bernhard M. Dachs
11 Joint Knowledge Production in European R&D Networks:
Results from a Discrete Choice Modeling Perspective ........... 201
Florian Reinold, Manfred Paier, and Manfred M. Fischer
12 Multilateral R&D Collaboration: An ERGM Application
on Biotechnology ....................................... 221
C ¸ ilem Selin Hazir
13 The Structure and Geography of Collaboration Networks
in the European GNSS Industry ........................... 239
Je ′ro ˆme Vicente, Pierre-Alexandre Balland, and Raphae ¨l Suire
Part IV Impact of R&D Networks and Policy Implications
14 Proximity and Stratification in European Scientific
Research Collaboration Networks: A Policy Perspective ........ 263
Jarno Hoekman and Koen Frenken
15 The Embeddedness of Regions in R&D Collaboration
Networks of the EU Framework Programmes ................ 279
Iris Wanzenbo ¨ck and Barbara Heller-Schuh
16 Local Buzz Versus Global Pipelines and the Inventive
Productivity of US Cities ................................. 299
Stefano Breschi and Camilla Lenzi
17 Research Collaboration and Regional Knowledge Production
in Europe ............................................ 317
Slavomir Hidas, Martyna Wolska, Manfred M. Fischer,
and Thomas Scherngell


18 Policy Induced Innovation Networks: The Case of the German
“Leading-Edge Cluster Competition” ....................... 335
Uwe Cantner, Holger Graf, and Susanne Hinzmann
19 Effects of Competence Centres on Regional Knowledge Production:
An Agent-Based Simulation of the Vienna Life Sciences
Innovation System...................................... 353
Manuela Korber and Manfred Paier
Part V Epilogue
20 Synopsis and Outlook ................................... 375
Thomas Scherngell