此片论文发表在2016年Journal of Political Economy上。作者使用多国人均国内生产总值和贸易数据来分析了国家财富与国家所生产的产品之间的联系。


Abstract

We explore the relation between a country’s income and the mix of products it exports. Both are simultaneously determined by countries’ capabilities, that is, by countries’ productivity and quality levels for each good. Our theoretical setup has two features. (1) Some goods have fewer high-quality producers/countries than others, meaning that there is comparative advantage. (2) Imperfect competition allows high- and low-quality producers to coexist. These two features generate an inverted-U, general equilibrium relationship between a country’s export mix and its GDP per capita. We show that this inverted-U permeates the international data on trade and GDP per capita.