US Assistance, Development, and Hierarchy in the Middle East
Aid for Allies

Authors: Anne Mariel Zimmermann



Weaves together evolving scholarship on state formation, international hierarchy, and coalition politics to systematically theorize the origins and effectiveness of geopolitically motivated foreign aid

Sheds new light on how political survival strategies of Middle Eastern leaders interacted with US aid to shape important features of Middle Eastern political economy

Provides detailed cases studies of Egypt, Israel, and Jordan to show when and how US aid had an impact on state developmental capacity and sovereignty

What does US aid “buy” in the Middle East? Drawing on extensive primary source research, this book examines the role and consequences of US aid to three countries in the Middle East. The author argues that the political survival strategies of incumbent leaders in Egypt, Israel, and Jordan shaped not only the type of aid that these countries received from the US, but also its developmental and geopolitical impact. Leaders who relied heavily on distributing selective benefits to their ruling coalitions were more likely to receive forms of US aid that complemented their distributive political economies and undermined the state’s developmental capacity, which simultaneously rendered them more dependent on US resources, and more likely to cede fragments of their sovereignty to their major donor. Non-distributive leaders, however, could reap the full benefits of highly discretionary and technologically sophisticated aid, incorporating it into developmental policies that rendered them progressively less dependent on Washington—and better able to say “no” when it was in their best interest.

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