英文文献：The Causal Structure Of Land Price Determinants-土地价格决定因素的因果结构
英文文献作者：Duke, Joshua M.,Awokuse, Titus O.
英文文献摘要：
This paper investigates causation contemporaneously and over time to elucidate the persistent lack of agreement about what "causes" changes in farmland prices. Using recently developed causal modeling framework of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and cointegrated (VAR) techniques, the assumed causal structures of existing structural and empirical models are tested directly. The results validate concerns about the nonstationarity of these series. Land price changes are found to respond to a small subset of the oft-cited causes of price change, including macroeconomic variables.

本文通过对同一时期和一段时间内的因果关系的考察，阐明了对“导致”农田价格变化的原因一直缺乏共识。利用最近开发的有向无环图(DAGs)和协整(VAR)技术的因果模型框架，对现有的结构和经验模型的假设因果结构进行了直接检验。结果验证了这些序列的非平稳性。土地价格的变化被发现是对一个经常被引用的价格变化原因的小子集作出反应，包括宏观经济变量。