library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
member <- data.frame(family=c(1,2,3), namef=c("a","b","c"), agef=c(30,40,50), namem=c("d","e","f"), agem=c(44,53,25))
member

a <- gather(member, key, value, namef:agem)
b <- separate(a, key, c("variable", "type"), -2)
new <- spread(b, variable,value)
new

new2 <- member %>%
  gather(key,value,namef:agem) %>%
  separate(key,c("variable","type"),-2) %>%
  spread(variable,value)
new2

filter(new, age>=30)
filter(new, type=="f")
filter(new2, type=="m")
select(new,type,age)