xi: xtabond2 cd1 size age roa cr qr lr agdp m2 hp1 year business,gmm(cd1 hp1,lag(2 .))
iv(roa qr lr m2) small
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perm.
Dynamic panel-data estimation, one-step system GMM
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Group variable: business Number of obs = 8004
Time variable : year Number of groups = 667
Number of instruments = 135 Obs per group: min = 12
F(9, 7994) = 23.08 avg = 12.00
Prob > F = 0.000 max = 12
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cd1 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
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size | .5261898 .0914017 5.76 0.000 .3470187 .705361
age | -2.034064 .3121747 -6.52 0.000 -2.646008 -1.42212
roa | -.0077319 .0015825 -4.89 0.000 -.010834 -.0046299
cr | -.3293752 .112638 -2.92 0.003 -.550175 -.1085754
qr | .3357003 .1180615 2.84 0.004 .1042689 .5671316
lr | .0578415 .012807 4.52 0.000 .0327365 .0829465
agdp | -.4503277 .1364004 -3.30 0.001 -.717708 -.1829475
m2 | 1.306701 .4633724 2.82 0.005 .3983697 2.215031
hp1 | -.1374367 .1131156 -1.22 0.224 -.3591728 .0842994
year | -.0256985 .0312826 -0.82 0.411 -.0870206 .0356237
business | .0002285 .0001624 1.41 0.160 -.0000899 .0005468
_cons | 42.56927 59.82919 0.71 0.477 -74.71155 159.8501
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Instruments for first differences equation
Standard
D.(roa qr lr m2)
GMM-type (missing=0, separate instruments for each period unless collapsed)
L(2/.).(cd1 hp1)
Instruments for levels equation
Standard
_cons
roa qr lr m2
GMM-type (missing=0, separate instruments for each period unless collapsed)
DL.(cd1 hp1)
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Arellano-Bond test for AR(1) in first differences: z = -64.29 Pr > z = 0.000
Arellano-Bond test for AR(2) in first differences: z = 32.76 Pr > z = 0.000
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Sargan test of overid. restrictions: chi2(123) =4635.92 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
(Not robust, but not weakened by many instruments.)
Difference-in-Sargan tests of exogeneity of instrument subsets:
GMM instruments for levels
Sargan test excluding group: chi2(103) =3485.01 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
Difference (null H = exogenous): chi2(20) =1150.91 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
iv(roa qr lr m2)
Sargan test excluding group: chi2(119) =4474.31 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
Difference (null H = exogenous): chi2(4) = 161.61 Prob > chi2 = 0.000