英文文献：On the optimal design of income support and agri-environmental regulation-论收入支持与农业环境调控的优化设计
英文文献作者：Bontems, Philippe
英文文献摘要：
In this paper, we develop a model of regulation for a set of heterogenous farmers whose production yields to environmental externalities. The goal of the regulator is first to offer some income support depending on collective preferences towards income redistribution and second to internalize externalities. The optimal policy is constrained by the information available. We first consider the second best where the regulator is able to observe all individuals decisions in terms of inputs and individual profit, but not the individual farming labor supply. We characterized the generalized transfer in function of the desire to redistribute and the underlying characteristics of the production process. In a second step, we assume that the regulator has only information on aggregate consumption of inputs and hence can only tax/subsidy linearly inputs and output. However, because the accounting profit remains observable, a non linear transfer of profit is still part of the optimal policy. In the last part of the paper, we endogenize the market price of land and examine how the optimal policy should be modified.

在这篇文章中，我们发展了一个调节模型为一组异质农民的生产产量对环境外部性。监管机构的目标首先是根据对收入再分配的集体偏好提供一些收入支助，其次是将外部性内部化。最优策略受到可用信息的约束。我们首先考虑的是第二优，即监管者能够观察到所有个体在投入和个人利润方面的决策，而不是个体农业劳动力供应方面的决策。我们描述了重新分配愿望的函数的广义转移和生产过程的基本特征。在第二步中，我们假设监管机构只有关于总投入消费的信息，因此只能对投入和产出进行线性税收/补贴。然而，由于会计利润仍然是可见的，利润的非线性转移仍然是最优政策的一部分。在论文的最后，我们将土地市场价格内化，并考察了最优政策应该如何修正。