英文文献：How Beneficial is Tourism? An Analysis of the Economic Impact of Tourism in Il N'gwesi, Kenya-旅游业的好处有多大?肯尼亚Il N'gwesi旅游业的经济影响分析
英文文献作者：DeVeau, Vanessa,Marshall, Maria I.
英文文献摘要：
This paper is a study of the economic effects of tourism in Il N'gwesi, Kenya. This group ranch has been greatly influenced by tourism and conservation efforts in recent years. It neighbors several conservation and tourism centers and in 1996 members set aside 80% of their communal land for a conservation area and initiated a community run Eco Lodge. This paper studies the potential negative effects of tourism on Il N'gwesi as well as which variables impact conservation friendly expenditure decisions. A statistical analysis reveals that group ranch members perceive that there had been inflation in the prices of land, food, and goods and services. However, close to 100 percent of households do not believe that the inflation is due to the Eco Lodge. A statistical analysis of perceptions of wildlife and conservation reveal that there is no significant difference in how households value wildlife and conservation, regardless of whether they have suffered from wildlife damage or not. Probit models were used to evaluate how respondent characteristics and types of employment influence household choice of expenditure. This revealed that providing people with economic incentives to make conservation friendly decisions does not appear to be working in Il N'gwesi.

本文研究了肯尼亚伊尔恩瓜西岛旅游业的经济效应。近年来，这个集体牧场受到了旅游和保护努力的极大影响。它与几个保护和旅游中心相邻。1996年，成员们将80%的公共土地划为保护区，并发起了一个社区经营的生态旅馆。本文研究了旅游业对伊尔恩瓜西岛的潜在负面影响，以及哪些变量会影响保护友好型支出决策。一项统计分析显示，牧场成员认为土地、食品、商品和服务的价格出现了通货膨胀。然而，接近100%的家庭不相信通货膨胀是由生态旅馆造成的。一项关于野生动物和保护观念的统计分析显示，家庭对野生动物和保护的重视程度没有显著差异，无论他们是否遭受了野生动物的破坏。Probit模型用于评估受访者的特征和就业类型如何影响家庭的支出选择。这表明，为人们提供经济激励来做出保护友好的决定，似乎在伊尔恩瓜西岛不起作用。