英文文献：Impact of GMO Crop Adoption on Quality-Adjusted Pesticide Use in Corn and Soybeans: A Full Picture-采用转基因作物对玉米和大豆中经质量调整的农药使用的影响:整体情况
英文文献作者：Vialou, Alexandre,Nehring, Richard F.,Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge,Grube, Arthur
英文文献摘要：
Controversies over genetically engineered (henceforth GE or GMO) crops still remain because of uncertainties regarding their long term impact on pesticide use and on the environment if weeds and insects develop resistance to them. Updated USDA data on pesticide use and GMO adoption rates enable us to present a comprehensive analysis that spans 20 years –from 1986 to 2006- for two major crops that have benefited from intensive bioengineering research in the United States: corn and soybeans. After adjusting for the inherent heterogeneity across states and over time in the composition of herbicides and insecticides applied, results suggest that GE crops have lead to a decrease in the use of quality-adjusted pesticides with significant differences between herbicides and insecticides.

关于转基因作物的争论仍然存在，因为不确定它们对杀虫剂的长期使用以及如果杂草和昆虫产生抗药性对环境的影响。美国农业部关于农药使用和转基因生物普及率的最新数据，使我们能够对从1986年到2006年20年间受益于美国密集生物工程研究的两种主要作物进行全面分析:玉米和大豆。在调整了不同州和不同时期的除草剂和杀虫剂组成的内在异质性后，结果表明，转基因作物导致质量调整后的杀虫剂使用减少，而除草剂和杀虫剂之间存在显著差异。