英文文献：The Cost of Biotechnology Regulation in the Philippines
英文文献作者：Bayer, Jessica C.,Norton, George W.,Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin
英文文献摘要：
This paper identifies direct costs and opportunity costs of bio-safety regulation for four transgenic products in the Philippines: Bt eggplant, Bt rice, ringspot-virus resistant papaya, and virus resistant tomatoes. It finds that direct regulatory costs while significant, are generally smaller than the research costs for technology development. However, both research and regulatory costs are overshadowed by even a relatively brief delay in product release, which may occur due to unexpected regulatory delays.