阅读2个小时,总计阅读时间424小时。Adair Turner的Between Debt and The Devil 2个小时。本书的第7章后半部分从凯恩斯《货币论》的视角分析了货币在两个层面对经济的作用,第一是从货币在产品和服务市场上的作用,它会造成名义GDP的增长,第二是货币在金融领域的作用,它会造成大量的资产泡沫。应该来说,第二点是比较符合我们中国当前说的,要让金融服务于实体经济这种说法。但问题是,为什么货币会不在产品市场而会大量地聚集在了金融领域呢?作者似乎没有给出比较系统的分析,但是提到了几个点。第一个点是私有部分投资回报率的大幅下降,导致了剩余的储蓄会寻找高回报的投机机会。如果在产品市场,即实体领域找不到,那么就只能在金融领域寻找了。不过,为什么会造成国内的投资收益率下降呢?这个问题,作业没有给出深入的分析了。应该是一个很好的研究方向。第二个提到了中国的高储蓄问题,不过作者还是比较客观的分析说,中国高额的贸易顺差是在入世后5年时间形成的,对2007年美国金融危机造成债务过度问题,并不是根源性的问题。第三个,作者提到了贫富差距的问题,这个视角是比较新的,因为之前很少有探讨金融危机的书籍会这么探讨收入不平衡的问题。
Continue to read book "Getting to yes : negotiating agreement without giving in" by Roger Fisher
The main premise is that besides the two classical approaches to negotiation: soft or hard, there exists a third way that is neither hard nor soft. As the authors best frame it: "There is a third way to negotiation, a way neither hard nor soft, but rather both hard and soft. The method of principled negotiation development at the Harvard Negotiation Project is to decide issues on their merits rather than through a haggling process focused on what each side says it will or won't do. It suggest that you look for mutual gains whenever possible, and that where your interests conflict, you should insist that the result be based on some fair standards independent of the will of their side. The method of principled negotiation is hard on the merits, soft on the people."
After presenting this central idea, the book then goes into more details as to the issues that arise when using traditional negotiating strategies of positional bargaining. Then it goes on to address four main concepts for successful principled negotiation: separate the people from the problem (people), Focus on interests, not position (interests), invent options for mutual gain (options) and insist on using objective criteria (criteria). Finally the authors attempts to answer/provide further guidance in situations where the other side is more powerful, if they won't play or if they are using dirty tricks. In doing so, one more fundamental concept is presented: BATNA. "The reason you negotiate is to produce something better than the results you can obtain without negotiating. What are those results? What is that alternative? what is your BATNA - your Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement? That is the standard against which any proposed agreement should be measured. That is the only standard which can protect you both from accepting terms that are too unfavorable and from rejecting terms it would be in your interest to accept."
Below are some additional excerpts particularly insightful:
-On Perception: "Ultimately, however, conflict lies not in objective reality, but in people's heads. Truth is simply one more argument - perhaps a good one, perhaps not - for dealing with the different. The difference itself exists because it exists in their thinking. "
-On Focusing on Interests, Not Positions: "Negotiating hard for your interests does not mean being closed to the other side's point of view. Quite the contrary. You can hardly expect the other side to listen to your interests and discuss the options you suggest if you don't take their interest into account and show yourself to be open to their suggestions. Successful negotiation requires being both firm and open."
-On Inventing Options for Mutual Gain: "To invent creative options, then, you will need (1) to separate the act of inventing options from the act of judging them; (2) to broaden the options on the table rather than look for a single answer; (3) to search for mutual gains; an (4) to invent ways of making their decisions easy."
A great book on negotiation, that is filled with practical advise. The authors illustrate their methodology through numerous examples/situations from a wide variety of fields (politics, economics etc.).