英文文献：Country of Origin Labeling with Horizontal Differentiation and Cost Variability-具有水平分化和成本差异的原产国标签
英文文献作者：Saak, Alexander E.
英文文献摘要：
This paper studies whether a seller achieves higher profits by providing consumers with information that allows them to distinguish between products from different countries, and how mandatory provision of such information impacts welfare. We analyze a model of multi-product monopoly with horizontal differentiation and random country-specific input costs. We find that if the variability in the input costs is sufficiently high and the share of consumers with high valuations is in some intermediate range, the seller prefers to withhold information about product origin. Mandatory labeling of products with their country of origin may reduce or increase welfare depending on the share of consumers with high valuations. We also discuss extensions of the basic model that allow for continuous distributions of valuations and input costs, and consumer learning.

本文研究的是卖方是否通过向消费者提供信息来区分不同国家的产品从而获得更高的利润，以及强制提供这些信息对福利的影响。本文分析了一个具有水平差异化和随机国别投入成本的多产品垄断模型。我们发现，如果投入成本的可变性足够高，且高估值的消费者比例在某个中等范围内，卖方倾向于隐瞒产品的原产地信息。强制标注产品原产国可能会减少或增加福利，这取决于高估值消费者的比例。我们还讨论了基本模型的扩展，它允许估值和投入成本的连续分布，以及消费者学习。