象征性收2个金币，
Unit 1: The Trade Environment (Continued)
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) ............... 1-15
Regional Development Banks.............................................. 1-16
Unit Summary ...................................................................................................... 1-17
Progress Check 1 ................................................................................................ 1-19
Unit 2: Trade Services
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 2-1
Unit Objectives....................................................................................................... 2-1
Establishing Terms Between Buyers and Sellers................................................... 2-2
Payment Options ................................................................................................... 2-3
Cash in Advance ........................................................................................ 2-4
Open Account ............................................................................................ 2-6
On Consignment ........................................................................................ 2-9
Documentary Collections.......................................................................... 2-12
Advantages and Risks to the Buyer, Seller, and Citibank............. 2-15
Summary.................................................................................................. 2-18
Progress Check 2.1 ............................................................................................. 2-19
Letters of Credit (L/C) .......................................................................................... 2-31
Parties to a Letter of Credit ...................................................................... 2-31
Revocable or Irrevocable Letter of Credit................................................. 2-32
Basic Letter of Credit Components .......................................................... 2-32
Commercial and Standby Letters of Credit .......................................................... 2-33
Commercial Letters of Credit.................................................................... 2-34
Settlements Under a Letter of Credit ............................................ 2-36
Types of Irrevocable Commercial Letters of Credit....................... 2-37
Special Features of Commercial Letters of Credit ........................ 2-39
Advantages and Risks of Commercial Letters of Credit................ 2-42
Import Letter of Credit and Export Letter of Credit........................ 2-46
Standby Letters of Credit ......................................................................... 2-47
Standby Letter of Credit: Guarantee Type................................... 2-48
Standby Letter of Credit: Payment Type...................................... 2-49
Advantages and Risks of Standby Letters of Credit ..................... 2-51
Unit 2: Trade Services (Continued)
Other Legal Forms of Guarantee ............................................................. 2-54
Summary.................................................................................................. 2-56
Progress Check 2.2 ............................................................................................. 2-59
Financial and Commercial Transaction Documents............................................. 2-73
Financial Documents................................................................................ 2-73
Check ........................................................................................... 2-73
Draft / Bill of Exchange ................................................................. 2-73
Promissory Note ........................................................................... 2-74
Commercial Documents ........................................................................... 2-75
Commercial Invoice ...................................................................... 2-75
Bill of Lading ................................................................................. 2-75
Insurance Document / Policy ........................................................ 2-76
Other Documents.......................................................................... 2-77
Unit Summary ...................................................................................................... 2-78
Progress Check 2.3 ............................................................................................. 2-81
Unit 3: Trade Finance
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3-1
Unit Objectives....................................................................................................... 3-1
Extension of Credit ................................................................................................ 3-2
Establishing Creditworthiness .................................................................... 3-2
Identifying Risks ......................................................................................... 3-3
Setting Interest Rates................................................................................. 3-4
Establishing Credit Terms .......................................................................... 3-5
Determining the Type of Financing ............................................................ 3-6
Short Term Loan............................................................................. 3-7
Medium Term Loan......................................................................... 3-7
Line of Credit .................................................................................. 3-7
Syndication ..................................................................................... 3-8
Booking Transactions................................................................................. 3-8
Managing the Credit ................................................................................... 3-9
Purposes for Trade Financing................................................................................ 3-9
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