Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
文学在多大程度上等同或包含哲学，这本身就是一个存有争议却颇具分量的哲学问题。具有哲学意味的，文学看待生活的方式、观点以及态度有：
（1）第一种方式以缺乏（absence）的观点为基础（世界无法为人类提供使他们真正感到满足或幸福的东西，所以这个世界从根本上存在着缺陷）
（2）第二种基本文学方式建立在充足（fullness）的基础上，它把生命看得无限充足和丰富。切莫浪费生命、尽情享受每个时刻
歌德曾写道：如果你想有所建树，你必须先成个人物。Walt Whiteman、Ralph Waldo Emerson、Henry David Thoreau、Henry Miller、Anais Nin等是代表人物
（3）第三种文学方式即悲剧立场。anyway, 即使最好的生活也是悲剧性的，最差的则是痛苦。除了索福克勒斯、威廉-莎士比亚，美国的阿瑟-米勒（Arthur Miller）的《推销员之死》（The Death of a Salesman， 1949）和尤金-奥尼尔（Eugene O'Neill）的《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》（Long Day's Journey into Night，1956）。
悲剧的立场和第一种观点有关：加缪曾断言最根本的哲学问题是我们是否有理由不去自杀。
（4）第四种文学看待生活的方式是喜剧的。一个大笑话。对着生活微笑比哭泣好得多。
伊拉斯谟（Erasmus）在15世纪曾写道：至福就是有些愚蠢地活着。
尤金-尤奈斯库（Eugene Ionesco）：意识到什么是残酷并且嘲笑残酷，我们就成了残酷的主人。
约瑟夫-海勒（Joseph Heller）的《第二十二条军规》（Catch-22）可以找到这一态度的最佳诠释。（与斯多葛主义存在相似之处）
（5）第五种文学对待生活的方式经由海德格尔对诗人荷尔德林（Holderlin）等的阐释发展而来。即对未知、未思、未言之物的寻求。
（6）第六种文学方式就是运用某种媒介，向人们提供一些有关应当如何生活的规则、格言或者意见。
塞万提斯：千万别去乞求你有能力挣得的东西。
查尔斯-狄更斯：请想想你现在的幸运，每个人都有许多，遗忘你过去的不幸，每个人都曾有过。
文学是普通读者接触哲学以及生活中更深刻的问题的入门。
海涅的《流浪者之歌》（Siddhartha）、Robert M. Pirsig《禅和摩托车维修的艺术》（Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance）（一本展现禅和东方哲学是如何使人在当下获得幸福生活的畅销书）
乔斯坦-贾德（Josten Gaarder）的《苏菲的世界》（Sophie's World），此书中西方哲学所有流派的知识都以一种轻松、浅显的方式呈现出来，同时也与当代的生活和问题息息相关。
Gem新策略的核心在于他们相信比特币区块链不能满足企业客户的需求，因为它们不能让一些特定的使用案例满意。Gem还谨慎地表达出，当比特币工作证明式的挖矿网络和开放的共有算法成为这种分布式全球货币的重要组成部分时，他们可能会限制该技术的广泛应用。
坦率地说，金融机构并不需要能抵制审查的区块链，他们倒是很需要快速的以及能代表传统资产的产品。因此，Gem相信未来将会有许多可用的区块链，有些将侧重于解决智能合同和自动化，有些将侧重于面向金融的交易，还有些将侧重数据管理。在将来，肯定会出现公有的链和私有的链，且它们都会取得成功。
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Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
Chapter 8 competition in concentrated marketing
Reflection: industries containing firms with substantial market share are call concentrated industries because market share is concentrated in the hands of a few firms. In the spectrum of competition defined in chapter 6, these industries occupies the space between niche and monopoly market. What is important from a managerial perspective is how the major player in these industries can affect industry outcomes. A manager at a leading firm in a concentrated industry know that her decisions about price or product characteristics will affect all the players in the industry. If one leading firm competes aggressively, competitions will intensify for all the firms in the industry. As a result, a manager of a major firm in a concentrated industry must recognize that its competitors will response to any strategic choices she make, just as she will have to respond to the decisions they make because these decisions will affect her firm’s performance.
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