英文文献：Can Education Be a Barrier to Technology Adoption?-教育会成为技术采用的障碍吗?本研究的目的是测试教育对技术采用有积极影响这一普遍信念
英文文献作者：Uematsu, Hiroki,Mishra, Ashok K.
英文文献摘要：
The objective of this study is to test the widely‐held belief that the effect of education has a positive impact on technology adoption. Using 2006 Agricultural Resource Management Survey "ARMS" data, we estimate a simultaneous equations model to integrate farmers’ labor allocation decision with adoption of GM crops and precision farming. We confirm that the marginal effect of education on technology adoption is significantly larger for large farms for both GM crops and precision farming and it is unexpectedly negative for GM crops at all levels of farm size. These results suggest that formal education can be a barrier to technology adoption, especially for small scale farmers who have higher tendency to work off‐farm.

利用2006年农业资源管理调查的“武器”数据，我们估计了一个联立方程模型，以整合农民的劳动分配决策与采用转基因作物和精耕细作。我们确认，教育对技术采用的边际效应对于大型农场而言，无论是转基因作物还是精耕细作，都要大得多，而且出乎意料地对各级农场规模的转基因作物都是负面的。这些结果表明，正规教育可能成为技术采用的障碍，特别是对于那些更倾向于从事非农工作的小规模农户。