昨日阅读 3 h,累计 640.5 h
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《思想的力量:哲学导论》
381. 在一本著作中,希德嘉列举了35种罪恶,以及与它们相对应的美德。这种并列结构是探讨善与恶的传统模式(从毕达哥拉斯那里流传下来的)
比如,无节制(Immoderation)(即缺乏对欲望的节制)就是一种恶,和其对应的善就是明辨而自制(Discretion)(让事物合乎各自的分寸)
其医学哲学著作《原因和治疗》(Causa et Curae),有关于人类性行为的美好论述。
382. 爱洛伊斯和阿伯拉尔
爱洛伊斯,(Heloise, 1100-1163)法国的女修道院长,同希德嘉一样关注善恶问题,不过她特别关注一种特殊形式的善。
对她而言,哲学就是生活本身。
其著作《问题集》(Problemata)和《书信集》(Epistolae)(爱洛伊斯30来岁的时候写的,全部都写给皮得-阿伯拉尔(Peter Abelard, 1079-1142))那是伦理哲学史上的另一位重要人物,也是那个时代最重要的逻辑学家。
爱洛伊斯的伦理学有两个基本要素:源自罗马的斯多葛派哲学家西塞罗,她作了改造(超然无私的爱Disinterested Love具有极高的道德价值);第二个要素,即意向的道德性(morality of intent),基本上从阿伯拉尔那里学来的。
383. 阿伯拉尔把道德上的缺陷同别的心灵缺陷(如智力低下,记忆力差等)作了区分。
他认为美德并不意味着不拥有恶的欲念,而在于不愿意根据恶的欲念去行动。
《我的不幸》(Historica Calamitatum)
==========================Blockchain:
27.
If you are asking, What is a Merkle root?, that brings us to our next set of key concepts: hashing and signature.
Hashing and signatures
Let's say you have two text files that are 50 pages long. You want to know whether they are the same or different. One way you could do this would be to hash them. Hashing (or a hashing function) is a mathematical procedure by which any input is turned into a fixed-length output. There are many of these functions, the most common being SHA-1, SHA-2, and MD5. For instance, here is the output of a hashing function called MD5 with an input of two pages of text:
9a137a78cf0c364e4d94078af1e221be
What's powerful about hashing functions is what happens when I add a single character to the end and run the same function:
8469c950d50b3394a30df3e0d2d14d74
As you can see, the output is completely different. If you want to quickly prove that some data has not been changed in any way, a hash function will do it. For our discussion, here are the important parts of hashing functions:
- They are very fast for computers to run.
- The function is one way. You can get the hash easily, but you cannot realistically use the hash to restore the original.
- They can be used recursively. For instance, I can take the hash of the hash; for example, MD5( 8469c950d50b3394a30df3e0d2d14d74 ) becomes 705b003fc9b09ecbeac0b852dfc65377 .
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Django:Mezzanine,发现需要学html5、css、js,搞大了。不过还是可以学习的。。。
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昨日阅读 3 h
累计 640.5 h