英文文献：Intergenerational Health Mobility: Evidence from Danish Registers-代际健康流动:来自丹麦登记的证据
英文文献作者：Carsten Andersen
英文文献摘要：
To what extent status depends on family background has been of great interest in the social sciences and the general public for centuries. The transmission of income, earnings and educational attainment is often studied, while equality of opportunity with respect to health outcomes has received far less attention. This paper is the first to investigate intergenerational health mobility using high-quality administrative data from Denmark. The attractiveness of this approach lies in objective health measures and large sample sizes allowing twin analyses. I operationalise health mobility by a variety of statistics: rank-rank slopes, intergenerational correlations and sibling and identical twin correlations. Mobility in health is found to be relatively high for men, both when compared to similar US-based studies, and when contrasted with outcomes such as educational attainment and income. For Danish women, health-related dependence on family background is on par with similar statistics for income and earnings for other Scandinavian countries. Mobility is thus, perhaps somewhat nonintuitively, higher in health than in income. Contrasting sibling and identical twin correlations with parent-child associations confirm earlier findings in the literature on equality of opportunity, namely that sibling correlations capture far more variation than traditional intergenerational correlations. 14-38 percent of the variation in individual health outcomes can be ascribed to family background and genes, factors which the individual cannot be held accountable for. Only a negligible share of this variation can be explained by parental health, which suggests that other family-specific characteristics may play an important role for health mobility.

几个世纪以来，社会地位在多大程度上取决于家庭背景一直是社会科学和公众极大的兴趣所在。人们经常研究收入、收入和教育成就的传递，而在健康结果方面的机会平等却很少受到关注。本文首次利用丹麦的高质量管理数据调查代际健康流动。这种方法的吸引力在于客观的健康测量和允许双分析的大样本大小。我通过各种统计数据对卫生流动进行了操作:等级斜坡、代际相关性、兄弟和同卵双生相关性。与基于美国的类似研究相比，以及与教育程度和收入等结果相比，男性在健康方面的流动性相对较高。丹麦妇女对家庭背景的健康依赖程度与其他北欧国家的收入和收入的类似统计数字相当。因此，流动性在健康方面比收入方面更重要，这或许有点不太直观。将兄弟姐妹和同卵双生的关系与父母与孩子的关系进行对比，证实了关于机会均等的文献中较早的发现，即兄弟姐妹关系比传统的代际关系具有更多的差异性。14- 38%的个人健康结果差异可归因于家庭背景和基因，这些因素个人不能负责。这种变化中只有微不足道的一部分可以用父母的健康来解释，这表明其他家庭特有的特征可能在健康流动中发挥重要作用。