问题好多啊~~觉得你去中国知网看看，里面有很多专业的文章

你的问题涉及范围太广了，如果有针对性就好一点。

给你一点大概的介绍，转来的：
The economic history of the United States has its roots in European colonization in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Marginal colonial economies grew into 13 small, independent farming economies, which joined together in 1776 to form the United States of America. In 230 years the United States grew to a huge, integrated, industrialized economy that makes up over a quarter of the world economy. The main causes were a large unified market, a supportive political-legal system, vast areas of highly productive farmlands, vast natural resources (especially timber, coal, iron, and oil), and an entrepreneurial spirit and commitment to investing in material and human capital. The economy has maintained high wages, attracting immigrants by the millions from all over the world. Technological and industrial factors played a major role.

楼上的，能翻译成中文么，看的好累

大体意思就是： 美国的经济体制源于16到18世纪欧洲殖民者的影响，这些外来的殖民经济体逐渐演变为13个小而独立的农业经济体，后在1776年联合在一起成立了美利坚合众国。在230年后美国逐渐发展成为一个经济比重超过了世界经济的四分之一的巨大的，综合性的，工业经济体。原因主要是由一个巨大而且统一的市场，有利的政治法律制度，广阔富饶的农田，丰富的自然资源（特别是木材，煤，铁，石油），和资本家的冒险精神和物力人力的巨大投入。优越的经济体制维持了丰厚的薪金水平，吸引了来自世界各地数以百万计的移民。其中科技和工业的因素扮演了主要的角色。

美国人的政/府阴谋论比较多

对政｀府极度不信任

政 府不敢管