昨日阅读6个小时，累计阅读622小时
阅读一：【学习笔记】International Finance 国际金融论研究学习笔记-4
https://bbs.pinggu.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7140504&page=1&extra=#pid59633994
Part I
Basics of International Finance --4
Ch2 --1
International Monetary System
Chapter Two Outline
Evolution of the International Monetary System
Current Exchange Rate Arrangements
Fixed versus Flexible Exchange Rate Regimes
Evolution of the International Monetary System--1
(1)Bimetallism: Before 1875
(2)Classical Gold Standard: 1875-1914
(3)Interwar Period: 1915-1944
(4)Bretton Woods System: 1945-1972
(5)The Flexible Exchange Rate Regime:1973-Present
Evolution of the International Monetary System--2
(1) Bimetallism: Before 1875
（①）Bimetallismwas a “double standard” in the sense that both gold and silver were used asmoney.
（②）Somecountries were on the gold standard, some on the silver standard, and some onboth.
（③）Bothgold and silver were used as an international means of payment, and theexchange rates among currencies were determined by either their gold or silvercontents.
Gresham’s Law
（①）Gresham’sLawimplies that the least valuable metal is the one that tends to circulate.
（②）Supposethat you were a citizen of Germany during the period when there was a 20 Germanmark coin made of gold and a 5 German mark coin made of silver.
–If gold suddenly and unexpectedly became muchmore valuable than silver, which coins would you spend if you wanted to buy a20-mark item and which would you keep?
阅读二：【学习笔记】International Finance 国际金融论研究学习笔记-5
https://bbs.pinggu.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7140521&page=1&extra=#pid59634157
Part I
Basics of International Finance --5
Ch2 --2
International Monetary System
Evolution of the International Monetary System--3
(2)Classical Gold Standard: 1875-1914
（①）Duringthis period in most major countries:
–Gold alone was assured of unrestricted coinage.
–There was two-way convertibility between goldand national currencies at a stable ratio.
–Gold could be freely exported or imported.
（②）Theexchange rate between two country’s currencies would be determined by theirrelative gold contents.
For example, if the dollar ispegged to gold at U.S. $30 = 1 ounce of gold, and the British pound is peggedto gold
at ￡6 = 1 ounce of gold, it must be the case that the exchange rate isdetermined by the relative gold contents:
$30 =1 ounce of gold =￡6
$30 =￡6
$5 = ￡1
（③）Highlystable exchange rates under the classical gold standard provided an environmentthat was conducive to international trade and investment.
（④）Misalignmentof exchange rates and international imbalances of payment were automaticallycorrected by the price-specie-flowmechanism.
Price-Specie-Flow Mechanism
1，SupposeGreat Britain exports more to France than France imports from Great Britain.
2，Thiscannot persist under a gold standard.
–Net export of goods from Great Britain toFrance will be accompanied by a net flow of gold from France to Great Britain.
–This flow of gold will lead to a lower pricelevel in France and, at the same time, a higher price level in Britain.
3，Theresultant change in relative price levels will slow exports from Great Britainand encourage exports from France.
阅读三：[学习笔记] 读一点《资本论》--2
德国第一版序言（马克思，1867）--1
https://bbs.pinggu.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7140532&page=1&extra=#pid59634325
OKR 学习管理计划
参考方法：OKR:(https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-7076974-1-1.html)
目标：运用OKR阅读学习方法，读点《资本论》，对这部伟大的经典著作坚持学习，由浅入深吸收、阅读、学习、了解、思考，充实提高自己经济理论思想。
关键结果：
1. 蚕食战略：啃读。每天至少啃读30-120分钟《资本论》。
2. 他山之石可以攻玉。认真查找、参考一些有质量的书籍、刊物、文章、评论，帮助自己学习和理解。
3. 所学即所得。每周至少写2-5篇 “学习笔记” 帖子，学习、摘录、总结学习到的有价值的知识。加深对阅读关键知识点和理论的理解。
4. 交流中学习。论坛中有很多经济学家和金融学家，多阅读他们分享和批评指正的帖子，给自己添加养分。
短期目标：阅读《资本论》原文。
中期目标：认真查找、参考一些有质量的书籍、刊物、文章、评论，帮助自己学习和理解。
输出目标：每周至少写2-5篇 “学习笔记” 帖子，学习、摘录、总结学习到的有价值的知识。加深对阅读《资本论》关键知识点和理论的理解。
敬请版主：充实每一天给予纠正建议。有任何不当之处请及时斧正。
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马克思《资本论》
英文版-中文版
德国第一版序言（马克思，1867）--1
Preface to the First German Edition (Marx,1867)
The work, thefirst volume of which I now submit to the public, forms the continuation of my ZurKritik der Politischen Oekonomie (A Contribution to the Criticism ofPolitical Economy) published in 1859. The long pause between the first partand the continuation is due to an illness of many years’ duration that againand again interrupted my work.
现在我把这部著作的第一卷交给读者。这部著作是我1859年发表的《政治经济学批判》的续篇。初篇和续篇相隔很久，是由于多年的疾病一再中断了我的工作。
The substance of that earlier work issummarised in the first three chapters of this volume. This is done not merelyfor the sake of connexion and completeness. The presentation of the subjectmatter is improved. As far as circumstances in any way permit, many points onlyhinted at in the earlier book are here worked out more fully, whilst,conversely, points worked out fully there are only touched upon in this volume.The sections on the history of the theories of value and of money are now, ofcourse, left out altogether. The reader of the earlier work will find, however,in the notes to the first chapter additional sources of reference relative tothe history of those theories.
这本书的前三章概括了前面工作的实质内容。这样做不仅是为了联贯和完整，叙述方式也做了改进。在情况许可的范围内，前书只是略略提到的许多论点，这里都作了进一步的阐述；相反地，前书已经详细阐述的论点，这里只略略提到。关于价值理论和货币理论的历史的部分，现在自然完全删去了。但是前书的读者可以在本书第一章的注释中，找到有关这两种理论的历史的新材料。
Every beginning is difficult, holds in allsciences. To understand the first chapter, especially the section that containsthe analysis of commodities, will, therefore, present the greatest difficulty.That which concerns more especially the analysis of the substance of value andthe magnitude of value, I have, as much as it was possible, popularised.1 Thevalue-form, whose fully developed shape is the money-form, is very elementaryand simple. Nevertheless, the human mind has for more than 2,000 years soughtin vain to get to the bottom of it all, whilst on the other hand, to thesuccessful analysis of much more composite and complex forms, there has been atleast an approximation. Why? Because the body, as an organic whole, is more easyof study than are the cells of that body. In the analysis of economic forms,moreover, neither microscopes nor chemical reagents are of use. The force ofabstraction must replace both. But in bourgeois society, the commodity-form ofthe product of labour – or value-form of the commodity – is the economiccell-form. To the superficial observer, the analysis of these forms seems toturn upon minutiae. It does in fact deal with minutiae, but they are of thesame order as those dealt with in microscopic anatomy.
万事开头难，每门科学都是如此。所以本书第一章，特别是对商品部分的分析，是最难理解的。其中对价值实体和价值量的分析，我已经尽可能地做到通俗易懂。以货币形式为其完成形态的价值形式，是非常基本和简单的。然而，两千多年来，凭着人类思维智慧，在这方面进行探讨的努力，并未得到什么结果。而对比较复杂内容和更复杂的形式的分析，似乎接近于成功。为什么会这样呢？因为研究一个有机整体要比对研究一个整体的细胞更容易些。况且，分析经济形式，既不能用显微镜，也不能用化学试剂。二者都必须用抽象力来代替。而对资产阶级社会说来，劳动产品的商品形式，或者商品的价值形式，就是经济的细胞形式。对于仅仅观察表面现象的人看来，分析这种形式好像是关注于一些细节琐事。这的确是细节琐事，但这与显微解剖学所要做的那些顺序是相同的。
********
1，经过参考查找的资料学习：
关于“二者都必须用抽象力来代替”：这种抽象力主要是逻辑思维能力，是运用历史的、现实的和数量的逻辑进行分析的能力。缺乏这种抽象力的人，虽然下点苦功可以看懂资本论，但无法再前进一步。从而这种人要么是一个教条主义者，要么是一个歪曲主义者。进一步地，虽然，数学好的人不是都能分析好经济问题，但数学水平还不如马克思的人，则没有资格分析经济问题。
2，读英文版的《资本论》才明显感觉到中文版《资本论》与英文版有很多的不同之处！
3，同时啃读中、英文两个版本《资本论》真的是比较“折磨”人。
（读一点《资本论》笔记待续。有不当之处，请见者给予指教）
阅读四：【学习笔记】CSI300- 沪深300指数数据整理
https://bbs.pinggu.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7140539&page=1&extra=#pid59634607
今天在整理数据
免币飧享CSI300-沪深300指数数据包
沪深300指数，是由沪深证券交易所于2005年4月8日联合发布的反映沪深300指数编制目标和运行状况的金融指标，并能够作为投资业绩的评价标准，为指数化投资和指数衍生产品创新提供基础条件。
此数据包，我是从沪深300指数 开盘日（2005年1月4日）打包的，供参考。
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