关键词应该是：Marginal Plot， 用ggplot2的话应该可以，给你个网上的例子

library(cowplot)
library(ggplot2)
# Main plot
pmain <- ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species))+
  geom_point()+
  ggpubr::color_palette("jco")
# Marginal densities along x axis
xdens <- axis_canvas(pmain, axis = "x")+
  geom_density(data = iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, fill = Species),
               alpha = 0.7, size = 0.2)+
  ggpubr::fill_palette("jco")
# Marginal densities along y axis
# Need to set coord_flip = TRUE, if you plan to use coord_flip()
ydens <- axis_canvas(pmain, axis = "y", coord_flip = TRUE)+
  geom_density(data = iris, aes(x = Sepal.Width, fill = Species),
               alpha = 0.7, size = 0.2)+
  coord_flip()+
  ggpubr::fill_palette("jco")
p1 <- insert_xaxis_grob(pmain, xdens, grid::unit(.2, "null"), position = "top")
p2<- insert_yaxis_grob(p1, ydens, grid::unit(.2, "null"), position = "right")
ggdraw(p2)

关键字应该是 marginal plot, 用lattice+latticeExtra或者ggplot2+ggExtra应该都能实现，网上有一个例子，你可以改改